Stress Essay -- essays research papers

Stress is the combination of psychological, physiological, and behavioral reactions that people have in result to events that threaten or contend them. Stress can be good or bad depending on the situation which someone is facing. Sometimes, pains can be helpful, providing people with the extra energy or alertness they need. This type of stress is called eustress. Unfortunately, most stress does not fall under that catagory and can become insidious when not managed effectively. This is known as distress and is what most people are referring to when they mention stress. Distress can increase the risk of developing health problems, such as cardiovascular disease and anxiety disorders. Stress can be thought of in terms of stressors and stress responses. Stressors are events that threaten or challenge people. They are the sources of stress, such as having to make decisions, getting married, and natural disasters. Stress responses are psychological, physiological, and behavioral reac tions to stressors. Anxiety, depression, concentration difficulties, and muscle tension are all examples of stress responses. You can test your stress by taking many different stress tests or exercise electrocardiography, a test that evaluates the performance of the heart by subjecting it to controlled amounts of physical stress. An example of a stress test would be the B.U. Medical Scholl stress test which I personally scored relatively low on. I specify this to my paying to my attitude and my he...

Red Badge Of Courage :: essays research papers

     Zack Andre RED BADGE OF COURAGE     Red Badge of Courage Physical and emotional pain in the ass is what the tattered solider illustrates in the book. The tattered solider pain comes from all of the horrible things associated with war. Him going crazy brings emotional pain and the physical pain is brought on by the endu rances of war. "thither was a tattered man, fouled with dust, blood and powder stain from hair to shoes, who trudged quietly at the youths side". The tattered solider also char serveerizes the toughness people heap endear. Even through and through the harshness of war people will pass something inside of them, overcome it and not let it bother them. The tattered solider goes out and lives through the tough endurances of war but he finds something inside of him to live through it.      The perfect solider is what Jim Conklin brings to the book. Jim never complains about war and fights as good a s the neighboring man. Many of the people look up to Jim because he is so strong willed. The regiments almost look up to Jim in a spiritual way find ing peace inside of them when they think of him. It is a tragedy when Jim dies because of all of the moral inspiration he gave the regiment. True to his character Jim dies a quiet and peaceful shoemakers last not distributing any of the regiment.      Wilson represents the two sides of human spirit. In the beginning of the book Wilson is a mean tough guy that no one liked. This outward act of being tuff is just a cover of the true nature of Wilson. It is natural for people to cover their true natur e in front of parvenu faces. Towards the end of the book Wilson starts to care about Henry. hen Henry is injured and he doesnt try and fight the other men anymore. True to human nature once times start getting more difficult and Wilson becomes more comforta ble with his surroundings he transcends into the calm compassi onate person he really is.

Boston Teaparty :: essays research papers

Boston TeapartyIn 1773, Britains East India Company was sitting on large stocks of tea that it could not sell in England. It was on the verge of bankruptcy. In an effort to save it, the government passed the Tea Act of 1773, which gave the company the right to export its merchandise directly to the colonies without paying any of the constant levyes that were imposed on the compound merchants, who had traditionally served as the middlemen in such transactions. With these privileges, the company could undersell American merchants and monopolize the colonial tea trade. The act turn out inflammatory for several reasons. First, it angered influential colonial merchants, who feared being replaced and bankrupted by a powerful monopoly. The East India Companys decision to grant franchises to certain American merchants for the cut-rate sale of their tea created further resentments among those excluded from this lucrative trade. More important, however, the Tea Act revived American passion s about the issue of taxation without representation. The law provided no new tax on tea. Lord North assumed that most colonists would welcome the new law because it would reduce the price of tea to consumers by removing the middlemen. But the colonists responded by boycotting tea. unalike earlier protests, this boycott mobilized large segments of the population. It also helped link the colonies together in a common experience of mass popular protest. Particularly important to the purport were the activities of colonial women, who were one of the principal consumers of tea and now became the leaders of the effort to the boycott. Various colonies made plans to prevent the East India Company from landing its cargoes in colonial ports. In ports other than Boston, agents of the company were "persuaded" to resign, and new shipments of tea were either returned to England or warehoused. In Boston, the agents refused to resign and, with the support of the royal governor, preparatio ns were made to land incoming cargoes regardless of opposition. After failing to turn back the three ships in the harbor, local patriots led by Samuel Adams staged a spectacular drama. On the evening of declination 16, 1773, three companies of fifty men each, masquerading as Mohawk Indians, passed through a tremendous crowd of spectators, went aboard the three ships, broke open the tea chests, and heaved them into the harbor.As the rouse news of the Boston "tea party" spread, other seaports followed the example and staged similar acts of resistance of their own.

Feminist Criticism of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Essay exam

Feminist Criticism of The Great Gatsby The pervasive priapic bias in the Statesn literature leads the reader to equate the experience of being American with the experience of being male. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, the background for the experience of disillusionment and betrayal revealed in the novel is the discovery of America. Daisys failure of Gatsby is symbolic of the failure of America to live up to the expectations in the imagination of the men who discovered it. America is female to be American is male and the quintessential American experience is betrayal by woman. Fetterley believes that power is the issue in the politics of literature. Powerlessness characterizes womans experience of reading not only because her experience is not articulated, clarified and legitimized in art, provided more significantly because to be universal in American literature is to be not female. The Great Gatsby is an American love story centered in hostility to women. The vision of love is played out as a struggle for power in an elaborate pattern of advantage and disadvantage in which romance is and a strategy for male victory. Gatsbys imaginative investment in Daisy is evident in his description of her as the first nice girl he had ever known. The quotation marks around nice indicate that the word is being used not as a reference to personality but as an index to social status and that Jay Gatsbys interest in Daisy Fay lies in what she represents rather than in what she is. She is for him symbolic rather than personal he later remarks to break away that Daisys relation to Tom was just personal. Gatsby thinks of Daisy in relation to the objects that surround her. He cannot separate his vision of her from his vision... ... Gatsby, in the eyes of a feminist critic, is based on a lie of a double standard that makes female characters in classic literature not persons but symbols. It makes womens room experience no part of that literatures concern. The male romantic imagination wants women to remain outsiders so that they can be forever available as occasions for the heroic gestures of men and as scapegoats for the failure of mens dreams. Works Cited Feminist Criticism. http//www.cumber.edu/engl230/femcrit.htm Fetterley, Judith. The Resisting Reader A Feminist Approach to American Fiction. Bloomington Indiana University Press, 1978. Lee, Elizabeth. Feminist Theory - An Overview. http//ursula.stg.brown.edu/projects/hyp...t/landow/victorian/gender/femtheory.html Meese, Elizabeth A. Crossing the Double-Cross. Chapel hillock University of North Carolina Press, 1986.

Home Schooling Provides Parents More Control :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Home Schooling Provides P atomic number 18nts More ControlFor most students, school begins with the starting time bell of the day and ends with the last, but for 228 pupils in the Smallville school district and roughly 1.5 million nationwide, the structure of a typical school day is anything but typical. These are home-schooled students, and their reasons for dropping out of standard educational systems are almost as varied as the hours which they keep. While some families want more time together, others taper on the redundant needs of children, and still others hope to instill values that they feel are not addressed in globe or change surface private schools. Nearly all seek more control over the education of their children. With home schooling, you bottomland take your childs learning style and develop broadcast that fits how your child learns best. Youre not trying to put a square peg in a round hole, said Sheri Cramer, whose ninth-grade son Jordan recently left public schoo ling to introduce under a new part-time policy adopted by the Lakota Board of Education last August. Under the policy, home-schooled students can enroll in up to two classes in the district each year and take part in extracurricular activities while maintaining their home-schooled status. Through the policy, Jordan gets the best of both worlds he can still take part in school activities, but can work at his own pace and get psyche attention also, says Cramer. It is this individualization that draws families to home schooling. Because of the direct one-on-one interaction, you can tell if material is too boring or too difficult for your child and can make adjustments to that, says West Chester CHEC(Christian Home Education of Cincinnati) support group leader Susan Schechter, who has home schooled her two children for eight years. Ive always felt that I was able to do with home schooling what most teachers would like to do if they had the time and money. While expenses are not alway s a problem for home schoolers, they receive no financial aid from the government, and come from mostly single-paycheck families so that one parent can teach at home. The idea is for parents to participate and share the skills they have with others so that we (home schooling families) dont have to hire as many teachers, says Schechter. For the majority of home schoolers, the primary teacher is the parent, though many are involved in home-schooling co-ops for special classes or hire private tutors for difficult subjects.

Home Schooling Provides Parents More Control :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Home Schooling Provides Parents More ControlFor most students, school begins with the first bell of the day and ends with the last, but for 228 pupils in the Smallville school district and roughly 1.5 million nationwide, the structure of a typical school day is anything but typical. These are home-schooled students, and their reasons for dropping out of standard educational systems are almost as varied as the hours which they keep. While some families want more time together, others focus on the special needs of children, and alleviate others hope to instill values that they feel are not addressed in public or even private schools. Nearly all stress more control over the education of their children. With home schooling, you can simulate your childs learning style and develop curriculum that fits how your child learns best. Youre not trying to ready a square peg in a round hole, said Sheri Cramer, whose ninth-grade son Jordan recently left public schooling to enroll under a new pa rt-time policy adopted by the Lakota Board of instruction last August. Under the policy, home-schooled students can enroll in up to two classes in the district each year and take part in extracurricular activities while maintaining their home-schooled status. Through the policy, Jordan gets the best of both worlds he can still take part in school activities, but can work at his own pace and get individual attention also, says Cramer. It is this individualization that draws families to home schooling. Because of the deal one-on-one interaction, you can tell if material is too boring or too problematic for your child and can make adjustments to that, says West Chester CHEC(Christian Home Education of Cincinnati) support group leader Susan Schechter, who has home schooled her two children for eight years. Ive always felt that I was able to do with home schooling what most teachers would give care to do if they had the time and money. While expenses are not always a problem for hom e schoolers, they receive no financial aid from the government, and come from largely single-paycheck families so that one parent can teach at home. The idea is for parents to participate and share the skills they have with others so that we (home schooling families) dont have to hire as many teachers, says Schechter. For the majority of home schoolers, the primary teacher is the parent, though many are involved in home-schooling co-ops for special classes or hire private tutors for difficult subjects.

Math Project

Name Math Manisa No. 10740 Project 2 Regression draw off The following table shows (for the years 1965 to 2000 and for people 18 and over) the total percentage of cig arette smokers, the percentage of males who are smokers, and the percentage of females who are smokers. Percentage of Smokers _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Year total Population All Males All Females _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 965 42. 4 51. 9 33. 9 1974 37. 1 43. 1 32. 1 1979 33. 5 37. 5 29. 9 1983 32. 35. 1 29. 5 1985 30. 1 32. 6 27. 9 1987 28. 8 31. 2 26. 5 1990 25. 5 28. 22. 8 1992 26. 5 28. 6 24. 6 1993 25. 0 27. 7 22. 5 1995 24. 7 27. 22. 6 2000 23. 3 25. 7 21. 0 give way one 1)Using Excel, draw a Scatter Plot and generate a regression line for the percentages of males who are smokers versus time. infract two 1) The Regression Line for the Percentage of Males wh o are smokers is (just copy the equation from your Excel spread sheet ) Y= -0. 7766X+1575 2).By the model in 1), the percentage of Males who are smokers in the year 2002 is 20. 85=21% 2) Using Excel, draw a Scatter Plot and generate a regression line for the percentages of females who are smokers versus time. pic Part Two 3). The Regression Line for the Percentage of Females who are smokers is (just copy the equation from your Excel spread sheet ) Y= -0. 4134x+847. 64 4) By the model in 3), the percentage of Females who are smokers in 2002 is 20. 01=20% pic

“Mirror” by Sylvia Plath Essay

The poem Mirror by Sylvia Plath is told from the point of view of a mirror break up on a wall. This mirror has, over time, been privy to the tears of a woman over who she sees in it, desperate grasps at moonlit lies, and the perennial speculations of a pink with speckles wall. Mirror is a poem that probes into the corners of human nature, beauty, life, and death, reflecting back their truths to readers as good mirrors do. In this poem, readers can see the truth about themselves reflected among the run-in as though the poem itself is a mirror, too. Just as the poem reflects truths to readers, so the mirror in it reflects truths to the woman it sees every day. It is objective about everything it observes in the woman, for it can have no biases simply owing to the nature of its stature. The description the mirror gives of itself in the first few lines is that I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions./Whatever I see I swallow immediately/Just as it is, unmisted by love or disli ke./I am not cruel, only truthful-/The eye of the little matinee idol, four cornered.It is giving, authorized to its nature, a frank description of itselfnonjudgmental and unprejudiced of its admirers. Mirrors never have and never bequeath pass any judgment on their gazers. They leave that for the gazers themselves to do, and they always do just that, as is human nature. The mirror prides itself on that same clear-cut honesty of the panoramas it regurgitates back for judgment. It is almost arrogant about it, refusing to falter in its own perfection for a moment, even as she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon which cast sham shadows upon her face. It continues to reflect the woman honestly, even though she cannot see it, so that when she learns of the lies and turns back, there she is in all her self-perceived imperfection. Not one person, the woman of the poem included, has ever been judged by a mirror, scarcely rather through it. It is because of it that the woman can see her outer self, so also because of it, she sometimes forgets her inner self.She forgets the pink behind the speckles on the wall of her face, seeing only that the speckles are marring the beauty of it. The mirror, however, does not see the destruction the woman sees, for she is the only one of the two who has the desire to judge. She was the only true master of herself, but she ended up caving in under her preconceived notions of societys view of her. She became a slave to the mirror and her interpretations its truths. One of these truths is age. No one has yet achieved immortality, and so death is still a formidable foe. Mirrorsreflect the coming of this rival in the rivulets and creases found in a face of age, and many people obsess over this manifesting. In the poem, according to the mirror, I am important to her. She comes and goes./Each morning it is her face that replaces the vestige./In me she has drowned a teen girl, and in me an old woman/Rises toward her day aft er day, like a terrible fish. The woman in the poem has drowned a young girl in her obsessions, aging her into an old woman . . . like a terrible fish.With each day, the manifestation becomes more pronounced because Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness. She wasted onward in front of that mirror so that now, death Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish. She hates the mirrors honesty on the matter, but cannot turn away. She is unable to resist knowing that death is creeping ever closer every day. She lives her life, it seems, around that knowledge, convinced that she should not be as she is. She is, as the poem says, Searching . . . for what she really is. She is unaware that all around her, death is marking others down for capture with the lines of age.All she knows is that she has gone from pink, with speckles into a world of darkness that she disapproves of seeing in the mirror. She does not seem to under stand that in fact, no one will be left unaf fected. The eye of the little god will seek out everyone from all four corners of the globe. In the end, her obsession kills her, the terrible fish having finally made it to the surface. The woman in the poem lives and dies at heart it, mirroring any and all readers lives in that. The poem offers up a universal reflection of a person for readers to judge themselves. After all, it is a mirror and that is what mirrors do.

The Ritz Carlton Hotel

Case Study Analysis The Ritz-Carlton * Introduction * The description of The Ritz-Carlton hotels stopping point. * Body of the report * Ch everyenges to follow in order to spread and maintain the new conclusion and to overcome its issues. * The new elaborations wills. * Conclusion * The importance of the organizational structure and its impact.The Ritz-Carltonis a luxuryhotels, was established in 1983, it is the foremost name in luxury hotels worldwide, this success is largely due to the legendary Caesar Ritz who developed and operated two of the worlds best hotels in Paris and London, the hotel achieved such fame in the food market till the point they attained what is often referred to as The Ritz Mystique. TheRitz-Carlton Hotel Company LLCis now a wholly owned subsidiary ofMarriott International.The fact of functional with The Ritz-Carlton is not analogous working in other(a) companies and the experience employees give get is totally different from other ones, they have ev er had, each have a droll ability to provide high quality services to the guests, members and residents . the essential refining is one of mutual respect. Employees hold dear each other the same way they treat guests. Ritz-Carlton provides an array of benefits to all of its ladies and gentlemen with a team that discovers much like a family.The Ritz Carlton Hotel is following a different tillage in order to motivate its employees. This culture consists of providing a good working environment and makes its employees feel their importance season doing their tasks which is the main key in motivating employees as they make them feel more comfortableladies and Gentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemen, and that testament urge them to provide a high customer service and they will be more productive rather than taking orders and applying them automatically as robot, as a result, customers will be completely satisfied.In order to maintain its customer base which reached over 800,000 cu stomers worldwide and to change the culture within the organization, The Ritz Carlton Hotels had to face some challenges attempting to share its knowledge of quality as it applies to service. Ritz-Carlton adopted this as a central mission through the creation of The Ritz-Carlton learn Institute and The Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center As a five-star Hotels, The Ritz Carlton Hotels will not rest on its successes, it has made a commitment to its guests, members, residents, employees and communities to continuously pursue excellence.As we female genitalia see, including the new joiner staff members Ritz-Carlton the culture used will motivate employees to be more productive to work happily under a better working environment as a result the quality of services will be higher than the expected consequently, Ritz-Carlton guests , customers will get total satisfaction as they will be well served. And such environment will promote the culture to spread amongst all The Ritz-Carlton Ladies and Gentlemen.The Ritz-Carlton hotels culture is a successful one that all companies has to follow in order to promote good communications between employees , it teaches staff members acceptance and appreciation for diversity whether its racial or faith diversity, besides it encourages fair treatment of each employee as well as respect for each employees contribution to the company as result employees will tend to be more and more productive and to be positive while doing their tasks.As employees will get equal opportunities to contribute and to realize their full possible within the company, their pride and passion for The Ritz-Carlton hotels and the work performed will increase. In addition to that, such culture has been shown to stimulate statistically better growth. Such culture possess high employee involvement, strong internal communications and an acceptance and encouragement of a healthy level of risk-taking in order to achieve total guests satisfaction. Additionally, organi zational culture that obviously emphasizes factors related to the career growth of such organizations will be better performed inRitz-Carlton. as result, such constructive Culture is where employees are encouraged to be in communication with their co-workers, and work as teams, rather than only as individuals. In positions where people do a complex job, rather than something simple, this sort of culture is an efficient one as it ensures the achievement, it guarantees self-actualizing. Thats why we can categorize The Ritz-Carlton hotels culture as a typical one to follow by other organizations in order to grow up.I think, it is very important to understand how customers and guests perceive The Ritz-Carlton hotels working attitude, thus the working environment has to be reflected on staff members by their natural smile, their desire to provide high quality of services and their dynamism. In order to reach this level we have to follow an organizational structure which will determine th e companys capacity and effectiveness and contribute to improve Ritzs brand image and promise (costumer services quality), as a result The Ritz-Carlton hotels can be a role model to other organizations.Personally I would be glad to be one of The Ritz-Carlton hotels staff members and join their team. Appendix 1 1- The culture used in The Ritz-Carlton consists of making their employees feel more important and comfortable doing their tasks, Ladies and Gentlemen serving Ladies and Gentlemen, thats the most employees motivating factor. 2- To maintain the new culture, The Ritz-carlton hotels precaution created Learning Institute and The Ritz-Carlton Leadership Center in order to ensure the continuing training to all its staff members and urge them apply their culture while doing their tasks. In such culture, both employees and guest will be totally satisfied as employees will provide services with full motivation and as customers will receive the legendary customer service ever. 4- Othe r organizations can take The Ritz-Carlton hotels as a role model as The Ritz-Carlton make its employees feel the importance of the tasks they are doing. Husain Abubaker Ali Alhamed Al Hashmi(H00234709) Resources http//corporate. ritzcarlton. com/en/About/Default. htm http//corporate. ritzcarlton. com/NR/rdonlyres/22E2CEC9-62A4-4EA2-9C3C-51628265E10E/0/rcappsum. pdf http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ritz-Carlton

Cigarette Smoking as a Public Health Hazard Essay

The Production and Sale of stubs should be illegal and completely illegalise. The Surgeon widely distributed warns Tobacco usage can be hazardous to your health. It is a drug equal to, if not more denigratory than alcohol and some prescription drugs. If you put ont think heater is addictive, ask someone who has tried quitting. As far back as the early 1960s, the connection between smoking and lung sickness/cancer was made, and although smoking keep to be glamorized by many Hollywood actors and actresses, it became known that smoking also caused numerous health risks. In the 1960s CBS television sold itself to advertisers by highlighting their ability to reach a broad audience and the cigarette industry provided a large percentage of the networks revenue. Yet studies continued to show breathing have from other peoples people cigarettes or chewing tobacco products, were proven to be just as harmful to ones health, as it would be if the person smoked themselves. Not only is sm oking a health risk to the person who chooses to do it, second-hand smoke affects millions of people in the U.S., causing significant diseases and sometimes even death.Manufacturers have hidden hide the real consequences of cigarette smoking for years, even though they knew it was whippy the health of the general public, which includes including men, women and children who had never smoked a single cigarette. The average teenager saw at least 26 cigarette ads each calendar week and more than 100 ads per month, while children with chronic diseases such as asthma continued to suffer as a result of being exposed to willing secondhand smoke. Cigarette smoking can be attributed to Diabetes, Lung Cancer, Blindness, Kidney Failure, Problems with pregnancy in women including the inability to conceive, Birth Defects, High Blood Pressure, Respiratory Diseases and many more sober illnesses.Some adults suffer suffered from medical conditions as a direct result of the exposure to cigarette a nd cigar smoke in public places, family gatherings or their place of employment. Cigarette smokers, manufacturers, and advertising companies faced severe criticism and the Surgeon General began to prepare and report with significant findings on the effects of smoking. Unfortunately, it was too late for medical financial aid or intervention for many. By then, medical conditions appeared and some were too advanced or terminal, making treatment impossible.The American Cancer Society encourages smokers to quit smoking on the third Thursday of November each year, this annual intervention/event is known as the Great American Smokeout. The goal of this event is to provide smokers with a wealth of information related to the health risks of smoking and to help them understand that quitting is the first step in becoming healthier. Materials and toolkits are provided nationally to those interested in hosting events aimed at helping Americans make healthy choices related to quitting.Some argue that electronic cigarettes, also known as E-Cigarettes are safer to use. They are sold online and tot in a variety of flavors. E-Cigarettes are thought to be cool, and are a huge attraction to youth, as there is no age essential to purchase them then. However, however, before smokers choose e-cigarettes there are several facts they should know. These cigarettes contain nicotine, a highly addictive drug and are still considered to be a huge health risk. E-cigarettes are an unregulated tobacco product with more than 500 brands and more than 7,000 flavors yet they have not been approved by the aliment and Drug Administration (FDA). E-cigarettes emit aerosol (vapor) which means its users inhale/exhale carcinogens, such as formaldehyde.Today, the dangers of smoking are very well-documented in fact, smoking has been banned in many public places including restaurants, places of employment and professional buildings. Abuse of tobacco combined with alcohol and illicit drugs, costs our co untry over $600 billion dollars in health-care annually, not to mention what it cost in loss of productivity due to health-related issues and physical challenges. Diseases caused by smoking harm almost every organ in the human body. It is the cause of 1 in 5 deaths in the United States alone, yet it is estimated that more than 42 million Americans continue to smoke. computer addresssJudy Kruger et. Al., Perceptions of Harm from Second flock Smoke picture show Among US Adults, Tobacco Induced Diseases, Feb. 2, 2016 Vol. 14 Issue 13, http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.rlib.pace.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=3e7714d0-37a9-4672-8c8e-014de0082732%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3dAN=edsgcl.442139813&db=edsgaoRichard W. Pollay, Exposure of US Youth to Cigarettes Television Advertising in the 1960s Tobacco Control, June 1994, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 130-133, 4p, http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.rlib.pace.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=9&sid=3e7714d0-37a9-4672-8c8e-014de0082732%40sess ionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3dAN=67205935&db=edbArden Pope III el. al., Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Associated with Ambient Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke Shape of the Exposure-Response Relationships, National Institute of environmental Health Sciences, Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011, Vol. 119(11), pp. 1616-1621, http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.rlib.pace.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=24&sid=3e7714d0-37a9-4672-8c8e-014de0082732%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3dAN=edsjsr.41263267&db=edsjsrProctor RN, Why Ban the Sale of Cigarettes? The Case for abolishment, Tobacco Control, May 2013, Vol. 22, Suppl. 1, pp. i27-30, http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.rlib.pace.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=26&sid=3e7714d0-37a9-4672-8c8e-014de0082732%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3dAN=23591501&db=cmedmDont forget to include your Last signalize and Page on each page. 1 inch from the right top corner of each p age. You do not have quotations and citations included in your essay. Citation or Cited Work should be on one page.

Nursing and Family Stress Theory

Critique and Analysis of Family distort conjecture Nursing theory explains the relationship between concepts to enhance understanding and knowledge ab away a phenomenon (Walker & Advant, 2005). Theoretical fabrics for care for of families house a foundation for guiding the development of family centered c are and investigate (Friedman, Bowden, & Jones, 2003). The application of theory admirers to guide treat practice, education, and research and supports the development of evidence-based nursing strategies and interventions for both the individual and the family as the client.This paper will critique and provide an analysis of the family examine theory. A brief introduction of the story and author of this theory will be provided and the contemplate concepts and preconditions of the theory described. The rationale for selecting this theoretical model as it relates to family nursing practice will be provided and its strengths and weaknesses determine. In addition, a discu ssion of the application of the Family Stress possibleness in current nursing research will be presented. Fin all in all in ally, ideas for future research involve to get across to develop this theory for its application in family nursing practice will be explored.Family Stress Theory The family puree theory was introduced by Professor Reuben knoll in the late1940s after the Great Depression (McDonald, n. d. ). McDonald (n. d) explains that knoll based his observations on families who survived the economic challenges of the Great Depression and those families who did not. Friedman, Bowden, and Jones (2003), explain that Hill based his research on the effects of separation and reunions as a result of war time on families. In both cases, the Family Stress Theory helps to explain why well-nigh families are able to adapt and survive when faced with expressors while other families encounter crisis.Hills Family Stress Theory has served as a framework for the development of more c ontemporary family stress models, such as the Resiliency Model, and as a foundation for clinical practice and crisis intervention (Friedman, Bowden, and Jones, 2003). Major Concepts Hill describes the importance of social relationships and positive perceptions which serve as buffers in protecting the family from crisis (McDonald, n. d. ). In maturation the family stress theory, Hill formulated an ABCX framework which helps to define the stress, rank the family resources, explore the familys perception of the stressor, and the crisis.The A variable is identified as the provoking stressor or event that the family encounters. Family experiences and strengths as well as family and community resources fiddle the B variable. This variable includes the familys social support structure, both internal and external, which impact the magnitude of the stress on the family (McDonald, n. d. ). The family perception of the degree of stress produced by the provoking stressor or event represents the C variable.Combined, these three variables influence how a family copes, reacts, and fill outs the situation and determines whether or not the situation becomes a crisis, the X variable. Past experiences, capable and available resources, time, and support all impact how a family is able to adapt and change to the situation. The application of the family stress theory helps to predict the potential for a family crisis. jibe to McDonald (n. d. ), the combination of high stress with social isolation (the B variable) for families has been highly correlated with many forms of dysfunctional family outcomes (para. ). Hills family stress theory provides a framework for a family as client foc practised assessment and the development of evidence-based nursing interventions that strengthen the family and promote positive outcomes. Family Stress Theorys assumption about Family and Nursing The Family Stress theory is middle range theories developed by Hill and as the variability of famili es are recognized by research, the conventional ABCX theoryevolved to different family stress theory and developed the conceptualization and the assumption of what family is about.In 1996, McCubbin and McCubbin outlined the theorys assumption of a family in crisis (Smith & Liehr, 2008, p. 227) Families over the tend of life face hardships and changes as a natural and predictable aspect of family life. Families develop basic competencies, patterns of functioning, and capabilities to foster the growth and development of family members and the family unit, and to protect the family from major disruptions in the face of transitions and changes.Families develop basic and unique competencies, patterns of functioning, and capabilities designed to protect the family from unexpected or non-normative stressors, and strains and to foster the familys recovery following a family crisis or major transition or change. Families draw from and contribute to the network of relationships and resour ces in the community, including its ethnicity and cultural heritage, particularly during periods of family stress and crises. Families faced with crisis situations demanding changes in the familys functioning work to set order, harmony, and balance even in the midst of change.In the Family Stress theorys metaparadigm, nursing is responsible in assisting families in the process of adaptation by promoting the family members health, help to recover from illness, assist the family member to function within the specific health limitation, support and develop familys strengths, assist in the use of community resources available, facilitate the family in appraisal of the situation and help the family decide what is best for the situation (Beckett, 2000) .The Family Stress Theory in Family Nursing Stress butt joint affect intimate relationships in the family setting. Although stress is normal and natural in the family setting, severe stress can lead to serious family situations such as do mestic violence, alcoholism, substance abuse, and even child neglect. The outcome of the familys situation during the disagreeable event depends on how the family responds and thrives to the stressful situation.A stressful event can be in the form of an acute or chronic illness in the family, sudden role changes,hardships in the family life cycle, separation, and death of a family member. The use of Family Stress Theory in Family Nursing assists the nurses in exploring the family systems behavior and response to situational stressors and transitional events. The Family Stress theory was useful in the familys header ability regarding the care of the child with extraordinary needs (Crawford, 2002) .A child with special needs is a stress to both parents be develop time is needed to develop competency in caring for such child in the family. The use of community and family resources should be offered and considered to adapt to the crisis. One literature also utilise the theory in rem arriage in families and suggested that remarriage and adjustment to step family living are conceptualized as life transition in the framework of the Family Stress Theory (Crosbie-Burnett, 1989, p. 323) .Identifying all the variables present in any stressful event and the familys capability of adapting to the stress using all resources available will assist the nurse in growing the nursing process by making a thorough family internal and external environmental assessment, assist the family in creating a goal and readiness for strategies to resolve the issue, providing the family possible interventions in managing the stressor event, improving header abilities, and enhancing the familys strength during the stressful event.The nurse is also responsible in following-up and evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention to both continue the current management or change the coping strategy. Family Assessment In the use of qualitative and quantitative studies, families have differen t patterns to the response of stress. Assessing family resources, coping strategies, and processes provides the function for assisting families in adaptation and attainment of a higher level of wellness (Friedman, Bowden & Jones, 2003, para 3).Families engage in different management and coping strategies when batching with stressful events. The nurse will have to assess the healthiness or dysfunctional aspects of the family. During the assessment period, the nurse set specific goals that will help the family with coping mechanisms of stress. The foundation for achieving the goals will depend on family support, financial resources and coping strategies. Families remain strong and durable even during todays economic crisis. Despite all the economic, social and political pressures, most families can e considered to be functioning satisfactorily (Friedman, Bowden & Jones, 2003, para 4). The theoretical model family stress identifies two types of situations that will cause a family to enter into a crisis. Those situations are classified as developmental and situational events. Events that are identified as psychosocial growth of a family are noted as developmental events. Some examples are retirement, a child entering high school or college, or adoption. The examples denote the normal life cycle touch on the entire family unit.Unexpected events are considered situational events such as death, loss of job, or the loss of the home due to fire. The familys financial resources and coping mechanisms will help the family adapt and work through the crisis. The nurse can take the listed examples and help the family develop goals in becoming healthy and strong family again. Critique of the Family Stress Theory The use of the family stress theory by nurses with advanced training is a key indicator for creating care paths that enhance the effectiveness of outcomes for positive family health.Family clinicians use the stress theory to facilitate a collaborative learning proc ess between family members with special emphasis on the different family processes parenting, balancing work, dealing with childhood issues, and maintaining stability in home life. The stress theory is used as a helpful irradiation for identifying sources of stress that lend a head start for developing strategic plans to assist with managing them.Further applicability of the stress theory offers a supportive resource for identifying coping mechanisms of individual family members and determining how effective their coping strategies are during stressful family situations. The theoretical framework for the stress theory also serves as a tool for explaining how families adjust and adapt as one system during stressful events (Friedman, Bowden, & Jones, 2003, p. 470). Information for identifying coping mechanisms for families of culture can be acquired by using a cultural genogram to gather information about their trengths and weaknesses. The clinician uses the information to apply it to the stress theory framework to assist the family with developing feasible ways of dealing with stressful events. Continued research efforts incorporating the use of the stress theory critical for developing innovative family care plans for helping families avoid and decrease stress levels. Further family-focused research can be generated to address the coping behaviors of culturally diverse families during stressful situations (Friedman et al. , 2003).The new wave of multi-types of families supports the need for intervention research that serves as evidenced-based practices to help not only culturally diverse families but also all families to deal with stress. Strengths The strengths identified in using the family stress theory are that the model is easy to understand and easy to translate into therapy and intervention. During the assessment period of explaining the model and how it relates to the situational crisis of the family, it is in-chief(postnominal) that families unders tand the system. The nurse will explain adaptation, family adaptation, family coherence and family resilience.During the educational process, the concepts can be defined and described in a manner the family can visualise the crisis and place the event in the family units perspective. As the nurse translated the model into therapy sessions and intervention processes, the family will not have difficulty working in concert needed to heighten family growth. The nurse and family will work together to establish goals. During the intervention session the family will engage with the stressors affecting the family. The family will work extensively to return the unit to the whole family concept.Weaknesses Weaknesses identified are restrict to the discussion of aspects in the family dealing with stress and punctuation or interruptions. The family may be limited on providing pertinent information in the discussions. The nurse can help set goals based on the provided information. Shame and gui lt play intricate roles in how much information is provided. The family will need to engage in the discussion and work sessions in order to return to the functional family unit. Punctuation or interruptions expire during the meetings with the nurse and family.Unforeseen activities causes disorganized scheduled meeting. A specific time should be allotted for the meeting to alleviate interruptions. The nurse and family can make measure if the sessions are uninterrupted. Family Nursing Research The trends of nursing care have evolved over the years from being a patient centered care sedulousness into an industry focused around family centered care. The focus of providing family centered care has resulted in an emergent need to develop concepts, assessment measures and clinical skills customized to the care being provided.For this reason, family nursing research has detonated although much of the research is in its infancy stages. Much of the current literature on family nursing pert ains to pediatric nursing and family, however the call for family nursing research for the adult world of nursing is emerging as well. One particular study conducted by staff researchers at The University of North Carolina at chapel service Hill spotlight on how families care for a child with chronic illness and debilitating diseases. The byproduct of this research study is the FaMM (Family Management Measure).Although the FaMM was cultivate through the use of the Family Management Style Conceptual Framework (FMSF), the FaMM measures how a family manages during stressful situations, which is a direct correlation to the family stress theory. In addition to spotlighting, the purpose of the study is that it will further the development and testing of interventions and the comprehensive assessment of families efforts to manage chronic conditions (Knafl et al. , 2007). Based on analyzing the investigations leading up to the FaMM, researchers had ne primary apparent motion and challenged themselves to discover a way to make the eight conceptual dimensions of the FMSF into a measureable assessment tool with a high percentage of reliability and validity. Second, an evaluation tool (FaMM) and a hypothesis was developed to support the inquiry. The hypothesis converged to explain how data from the FaMM will contribute to clinicians and researchers ability to understand more fully family functioning in the context of childhood chronic conditions (Knafl et al. , 2007).Even though the research study appears to be qualitative in methodology with its categorical approach to establishing measurements it is overwhelmingly quantitative. for each one of the established measurement guidelines or categories becomes conclusive with a percentage score as a means to evaluate against ranges. The ranges help to determine whether the family has the ability to manage many of the stress factors associated with care of a chronically ill child. The results of the research demonstrated a hi gh validity as well as reliability.In particular, the reliability of the test ranged between 72% to 90% for mothers and 73% to 91% for fathers, both demonstrating above 50% reliability. The future of family nursing research should branch out to include all forms of family for example, children being raised by grandparents, homosexuals, foster parents and,other forms of guardianship. With the Family Stress Theory more research is needed to determine the long-lasting effects of stress on the family unit and ways to offset these effects.Furthermore, the research from family stress theory is useful to family nursing practice in that it gives nurses a starting point to originate interventions, treatment and, other diagnoses. Conclusion Family stress theory provides nursing staff with both intrinsic and extrinsic information to use in providing better services, care,and outreach to families. The concepts and assumptions identified in the theory arecurrently being researched for efficienc y in providing the best application measures for family nursing practice. Despite the weakness identified in the theory, the strengths of the theory far outweigh.In closing, the family stress theory can be used to guide nursing practice in acute care settings but also can provide in sight on primary prevention methods. References Beckett, C. (2000). Family theory as a framework for assessment. Unpublished manuscript, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona. Retrieved from http//jan. ucc. nau. edu/nur350-c/class/2_family/theory/lesson2-1-3. hypertext mark-up language Crawford, D. (2002). Keep the focus on the family. Journal of Child Health Care, 6, 133-146. doi 10. 1177/136749350200600201 Crosbie-Burnett, M. (1989, July).Application of Family Stress Theory to remarriage A Model for assessing and helping stepfamilies. Family Relations, 38, 323-331. Retrieved from http//www. jstor. org/pss/585060 Friedman, M. M. , Bowden, V. R. , & Jones, E. G. (2003). Family Nursing Research , Theory and Practice (5th Ed. ). Upper Saddle, NJ Prentice-Hall. Knafl, K. , Deatrick, J. , Gallo, A. , Dixon, J. , Grey, M. , Knafl, G. , & OMalley, J. (2007). Family management measure (FaMM). Retrieved December 5, 2009, from http//nursing. unc. edu/research/famm/ McDonald, L. (n. d. ). Hills theory of family stress and buffer factors Build the contraceptive factor of social relationships and positive perception with multi-family groups_. Retrieved December 5, 2009, from http//cecp. air. org/vc/presentations/2selective/31mcdon/HILLS_FAMILY_STRESS_THEORY_AND_FAST. htm Smith, M. , & Liehr, P. (2008). Middle range theory for nursing (2nd ed. ). New York, NY Springer Publishing Company, LLC. Walker, L. O. , & Avant, K. C. (2005). Strategies for theory verbal expression in nursing (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice-Hall.

Introduction to Social Sciences

Topic of analyse Sociologist and Psychologist Do people from deferent primer signal enchant they filling of teach they go to? This raisingic Is derived from the article, which postulates What we atomic number 18 seeing Is that the assimilators who atomic number 18 going to some of the more brand-name take aims, theyre all coming from a certain compass Expanded financial help for students who atomic number 18 keen to enter go by indep break offent schools simply are put off for fear they idlernot afford it or fit in. This might be of interest to both sociologist and psychologist, looking at the activities/ behavior of small groups at ground level, both will then visualise whether what is mound on small scale applies on large scale. 1. 1 Sociologist Approach For sociologist, the question they might consider could be How did this societal idea experiences just about? Sociologists watch the social norms and values, and also social processes like formation of military force and status relationship. In this case, they may be interested to find out how come most students that are registered In selected schools are from make pause background.The social function for hilling practice might derive from schooling. It might be believed that students that graduated from an elect(ip) school subscribe high neighborhood school. This would then drive the parents who fork out adequate financial ability to introduce their children into a better school so that their child may ware a better chance of get employed in the future. As a result, students from better background will end up in top independent school as their parents atomic number 50 afford to put them by means of the education. 1. 2 Psychologist Approach As for psychologist, they may ask How do groups influence human behavior? They are interested in how it will develop ones belief system. In this case, it is said that students from better background are enrolled in top schools. Tha t creation said, what ill happen if a student from normal background were to be awarded with study grant to be enrolled in the elite school? If students from top schools are mostly from better background, they will startle thinking that because they come from better background, they are entitled to go into this school. Consequently, will a student from normal background choose to enroll into the elite school, if given study grant?There could be fear of being ostracizes and not being able to fit in due to the differences. While both disciplines are concerned on the same upshot, the emphasis on sociology is the individual in interaction with others. On the other hand, psychology focuses on the individual, which explains human behavior. 2. Topic of study semipolitical Scientist and Economist How effective is introducing niche program able to accommodate four-fold pathway of success? This might be of interest to both semipolitical scientist and economist as it both consists of decision making.The topic is derived from the article that mentioned Opportunity arises because we nominate been committed to this philosophy of many alternative ways of success. 2. 1 Political Scientist Approach For political scientist, they study on who gets what, when and how. In short, they decide how the society should operate. They analyses the forms the cosmos takes and the process that emerge. Political scientists look at how the policy introduced will move the situation. In this topic, the policy is introduced and time is taken to find out how effective is the proposed policy. . 2 Economist Approach For an economist, usually it decides on how to allocate scarce resources, decision making what to produce, how and for whom. In this case, they will be interested to know if the policy introduced will put on the labor market. With the program introduced, will it eve any signififannyt bear upon on how the distribution, production, and consumption of might be an increase in new businesses appear from graduates since the school they attended focuses on personal interest and competencies, rather than academician standing of school.On the other hand, there is also a concern whether capital of Singapore will have enough Jobs to support the increase in graduates. 3. Social apprehension Discipline, Chosen Topic of Study and Hypothesis The social science discipline chosen to discuss in this essay will be sociology and the selected above topic Do people from different background influence they prize of school they go to? 3. 1 Hypothesis With this topic, the scheme formed is Having a better background kindle influence the students choice of selecting top school. 3. Variables They key variables are better background, role of students and choice of top school Independent variable, which displace be changed during the study, is Background. Different example of background can be chosen to study anytime. Background is chosen as it can affect the type of school a student enrolls into. Having a better background means student can afford to study in independent school. Dependent variable, which would be measured and counted in the study is Choice of top school. Choice of top school means the results of what the student chosen.Will a student from better background choose to enroll into a normal school because of the extra-curriculum offered or will the student choose a top independent school because he/she knows that they can afford it? This is the variable that is observed during the study. Controlled variable, which is not changed throughout the study, is type of students. The same type of students (graduating students who is at the st come along of choosing their schools) is used for this study. It will not be fairish if the students used are of different age group as they may have different maturity level in their way of thinking.Choosing the same age group of graduating students to study on the choice of school chosen to enrol led into will be the most desirable. 4. Developing Research Design This is the stage after hypothesis is formed. Decisions must be made about how best to obtain the data through explore methods. By personalizing variables, questioned are asked to covert them into a form which is mensural or attemptable. In this topic, we are discussing about Having a better background can influence the students choice of school.Do student has siblings or friends in the school they are enrolled in? This is to measure if the choice is affected by other factors such(prenominal) as peers. How many students enrolled in top independent schools come from better background? -This is to measure the past and existing patterns, whether the social structure is built in a way that it influences them to choose the school because its the way. 4. 2 Research Methods To test and bolster hypothesis formed, there will be research carried out and the 2 hat will be discussed here will be reexamine and Secondary Data Research. 4. . 1 Survey Research This method is used for establishing facts and subjects of research will be a statistically valid sample of a population. A series of questions will be asked to collect the data needed. Questionnaires will be designed in a way that does not lead the subject. no Question What is the top factor in mind when choosing a school? (a) Affordability (c)Friends/siblings state 2. (b) Vicinity (d) Rank of school Others, please If given a choice to enroll in any school, will an elite school be your choice? (a) Yes (b) No For both answers, please explain why 3.Do you think it is central to be in a school you feel socially accepted? (a) Yes erstwhile these questions are designed, the next step is to survey the sample population. This survey can only be used at the point of time when the student is preparing to enroll 4. 2. 2 Secondary Data Research This method of research gathers relevant information on ones research topic. One will be able to secern what oth er researchers have written related to that topic and what research methods they have used. It can also be used to obtain other research studies/methods sculptural relief or contradict ones findings.As extracted from Ministry of Education Singapore Preliminary Replies, it shows that there is higher percentage of students from better background in top independent schools. With this backed up from a credible source, it supports the hypothesis that students from better background tend to be influenced and choose a top independent school. 5. Possible outcome of study This study shows that there is a possibility of social gap between the sufficient and poor in Singapore. Due to the influence that because students that comes from better background are choosing to enroll in brand-name schools, they think they are entitled to enter this school.This is a concern, as this social gap will also affect other factors such as the economic in Singapore. The income between rich and poor might wide n, as the poor never got the chance to study in a good school for a better Job in the future. Policymaking is vital in Singapore as it maintain order in a country. It is a good effort to introduce niche program in schools and taking steps to cull down any walls that may reinforce elitism in Singapore. Definitely, there will not be instant results shown on how effect a policy is but people must be willing to accept and give it time to work. design to Social SciencesTopic of study Sociologist and Psychologist Do people from deferent background Influence they choice of school they go to? This topic Is derived from the article, which states What we are seeing Is that the students who are going to some of the more brand-name schools, theyre all coming from a certain background Expanded financial help for students who are keen to enter top independent schools but are put off for fear they cannot afford it or fit in. This might be of interest to both sociologist and psychologist, looki ng at the activities/ behavior of small groups at ground level, both will then examine whether what is mound on small scale applies on large scale. 1. 1 Sociologist Approach For sociologist, the question they might ask could be How did this social idea comes about? Sociologists study the social norms and values, and also social processes like formation of power and status relationship. In this case, they may be interested to find out how come most students that are enrolled In elite schools are from better background.The social function for hilling practice might derive from schooling. It might be believed that students that graduated from an elite school have higher neighborhood school. This would then drive the parents who have adequate financial ability to enroll their children into a better school so that their child may have a better chance of getting employed in the future. As a result, students from better background will end up in top independent school as their parents can afford to put them through the education. 1. 2 Psychologist Approach As for psychologist, they may ask How do groups influence human behavior? They are interested in how it will develop ones belief system. In this case, it is said that students from better background are enrolled in top schools. That being said, what ill happen if a student from normal background were to be awarded with study grant to be enrolled in the elite school? If students from top schools are mostly from better background, they will start thinking that because they come from better background, they are entitled to go into this school. Consequently, will a student from normal background choose to enroll into the elite school, if given study grant?There could be fear of being ostracizes and not being able to fit in due to the differences. While both disciplines are concerned on the same topic, the emphasis on sociology is the individual in interaction with others. On the other hand, psychology focuses on the i ndividual, which explains human behavior. 2. Topic of study Political Scientist and Economist How effective is introducing niche program able to accommodate multiple pathway of success? This might be of interest to both political scientist and economist as it both consists of decision making.The topic is derived from the article that mentioned Opportunity arises because we have been committed to this philosophy of many alternative ways of success. 2. 1 Political Scientist Approach For political scientist, they study on who gets what, when and how. In short, they decide how the society should operate. They analyses the forms the institution takes and the process that emerge. Political scientists look at how the policy introduced will impact the situation. In this topic, the policy is introduced and time is taken to find out how effective is the proposed policy. . 2 Economist Approach For an economist, usually it decides on how to allocate scarce resources, deciding what to produc e, how and for whom. In this case, they will be interested to know if the policy introduced will affect the labor market. With the program introduced, will it eve any significant impact on how the distribution, production, and consumption of might be an increase in new businesses emerging from graduates since the school they attended focuses on personal interest and competencies, rather than academic standing of school.On the other hand, there is also a concern whether Singapore will have enough Jobs to support the increase in graduates. 3. Social Science Discipline, Chosen Topic of Study and Hypothesis The social science discipline chosen to discuss in this essay will be sociology and the selected above topic Do people from different background influence they choice of school they go to? 3. 1 Hypothesis With this topic, the hypothesis formed is Having a better background can influence the students choice of selecting top school. 3. Variables They key variables are better backgroun d, type of students and choice of top school Independent variable, which can be changed during the study, is Background. Different type of background can be chosen to study anytime. Background is chosen as it can affect the type of school a student enrolls into. Having a better background means student can afford to study in independent school. Dependent variable, which would be measured and counted in the study is Choice of top school. Choice of top school means the results of what the student chosen.Will a student from better background choose to enroll into a normal school because of the extra-curriculum offered or will the student choose a top independent school because he/she knows that they can afford it? This is the variable that is observed during the study. Controlled variable, which is not changed throughout the study, is type of students. The same type of students (graduating students who is at the stage of choosing their schools) is used for this study. It will not be fa ir if the students used are of different age group as they may have different maturity level in their way of thinking.Choosing the same age group of graduating students to study on the choice of school chosen to enrolled into will be the most desirable. 4. Developing Research Design This is the stage after hypothesis is formed. Decisions must be made about how best to obtain the data through research methods. By personalizing variables, questioned are asked to covert them into a form which is measurable or testable. In this topic, we are discussing about Having a better background can influence the students choice of school.Do student has siblings or friends in the school they are enrolled in? This is to measure if the choice is affected by other factors such as peers. How many students enrolled in top independent schools come from better background? -This is to measure the past and existing patterns, whether the social structure is built in a way that it influences them to choose the school because its the way. 4. 2 Research Methods To test and bolster hypothesis formed, there will be research carried out and the 2 hat will be discussed here will be Survey and Secondary Data Research. 4. . 1 Survey Research This method is used for establishing facts and subjects of research will be a statistically valid sample of a population. A series of questions will be asked to collect the data needed. Questionnaires will be designed in a way that does not lead the subject. No. Question What is the top factor in mind when choosing a school? (a) Affordability (c)Friends/siblings state 2. (b) Vicinity (d) Rank of school Others, please If given a choice to enroll in any school, will an elite school be your choice? (a) Yes (b) No For both answers, please explain why 3.Do you think it is important to be in a school you feel socially accepted? (a) Yes Once these questions are designed, the next step is to survey the sample population. This survey can only be used at the point of time when the student is preparing to enroll 4. 2. 2 Secondary Data Research This method of research gathers relevant information on ones research topic. One will be able to discover what other researchers have written related to that topic and what research methods they have used. It can also be used to obtain other research studies/methods backup or contradict ones findings.As extracted from Ministry of Education Singapore Preliminary Replies, it shows that there is higher percentage of students from better background in top independent schools. With this backed up from a credible source, it supports the hypothesis that students from better background tend to be influenced and choose a top independent school. 5. Possible outcome of study This study shows that there is a possibility of social gap between the rich and poor in Singapore. Due to the influence that because students that comes from better background are choosing to enroll in brand-name schools, they think they are en titled to enter this school.This is a concern, as this social gap will also affect other factors such as the economic in Singapore. The income between rich and poor might widen, as the poor never got the chance to study in a good school for a better Job in the future. Policymaking is vital in Singapore as it maintain order in a country. It is a good effort to introduce niche program in schools and taking steps to tear down any walls that may reinforce elitism in Singapore. Definitely, there will not be instant results shown on how effect a policy is but people must be willing to accept and give it time to work.

Convocation: Better and Dr. Wilson

Convocation 2012 Response Paper Quam Onigbanjo As students poured inside of the auditorium, and the Morgan State alumni and faculty made their entrance, the graduation convocation of the 2012 school year began. The air was filled with peaceful music from the choir, as well as buzz of noise from the crowd. The aisles and staircases were packed with students trying to notice seated near their friends. After most of the students were situated and the choir stopped singing, Dr. David Wilson began his introductory linguistic process. Dr.Wilson began with greeting the new and or returning students and faculty. Then, Wilson starts to get into the depth of his speech by talking about how Morgan can, and is expanding into a generally better place. Wilson speaks of the newly built CBETS Building and about plans to build the Earl G. Graves business building. Wilson also talks about starting to improve the Jenkins building and softball fields. As Dr. Wilson spoke about the physical improveme nts that are planned for the campus, an aura of excitement came about the crowd.The startle that seemed to excite the crowd the most was the announcement of the demolition of Montebello and the Soper library in order to create a new building that would take over Montebellos duties. A general sense of pride filled the auditorium. The idea that Morgan was on its way to obtaining a better campus pleased everyone. As, a small HBCU in the in-between of Baltimore city, Morgans campus does not compare to that of UMD College Park, which many students at Morgan would prefer to go to.However, it is clear that as Morgan is expanding into an even more beautiful campus, students and staff will be more confident in their school and will be encouraged to represent Morgan with some pride. As, the president continued his speech, the auditorium remained quiet with all eyes concentrate on him. Dr. Wilson then started talking about respect and conduct. This topic was guareanteed to come up as Morgan has been in the news is the previous(prenominal) weeks due to a snap in the student center. Dr.Wilson made a general message that was meant for everyone when he says to respect yourself with the highest dignity and dont accept things that go against who you are, implying that you should relieve oneself respect for yourself and one another in order to create a better environment for everyone. Due to the events in the past few weeks, Morgans denomination has been in the news for very bad reasons. These reasons were due to students at Morgan involved in murder and cannibalism, as well as stabbings and shootings.Although these events show a contradict image to the outside world about Morgan State University, it is understood that Morgan is a school that is advancing and on its way to being a prestigious college. As a closing remark, Dr. Wilson wanted his staff and students to know that everyone should conduct themselves in the highest manner. This is to ensure that unfortunate eve nts such as the ones that have occurred in the recent past do not occur again and that we as a university can restore our name contrary to what media portrays us.He closes his speech with encouraging his audience to find a deep respect for knowledge, learning, and education, as these should be the primary goals of any institution. After the choir sang the Alma Matter, a sense of inspiration seemed to have spread through the room as people were exiting the auditorium. The President has sent his message for the 2012 school year, which was to make Morgan a better place together.

4d Scheduling the Future of Planning?

4D Scheduling The Future of Planning? The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with an intelligence of the concept of 4D Scheduling, how and where it is utilize, whether it is currently of benefit to the gimmick industry and butt it revolutionise planning in a positive manner for small, medium and large scale construction contrives. What is it? 4D Scheduling is a Programme which al showtimes the propose Plan to interface with 3D software and build a live stumper which displays the chuck encourage in real time.The 4D planning tool is used at Tender and Preconstruction stops, kept live end-to-end the hurl and reviewed upon completion to assess Project Success. To understand how the Programme interfaces and accurately reflects progress we first posit to define and understand build Information Modelling. Building Information Modelling is a building rule and documentation system based on coordinated, reliable, high quality cultivation.This system enables the des ign and construction teams to take a shit and manage information about a exteriorise consistently and reliably across the scope of the project. This information is stored in a unique assume which ensures the information is coordinated, consistent and complete. Traditionally Building Projects were illustrated with manually created drawings, information was added to these illustrations by using motes and specifications. As CAD technology progressed this system became automated, though the output remained the same.The development of the Building Information Modelling methodology has created a new way of thinking and working. It gives us ability to dumbfound with objects and minimizes tedious drafting by allowing unmatched 3D object handle multiple 2D representations when put in an object. The coordinated data represented in the forge allows us to visualize and analyse designs and advance better informed decisions. Building Information dumbfoundling supports large team workflow s to improve project ground and enable the team to predict more likely outcomes.The visibility which the BIM provides to all Project Team members contributes to the boilers suit success of the Project through better coordination, improved accuracy and an ability to make informed decisions primitively in the Project. 4D BIM uses 3D CAD or 3D modelling and links individual 3D split or assemblies with the project delivery timeline to add time the fourth dimension, to the BIM. This management technique vastly improves the project management and delivery of construction project of any size or complexity. 4D Scheduling/ModellingA 4D model incorporates a 3D/BIM with a Project scroll so that all Stakeholders bath visualise the sequence of body structure. The model whitethorn be created to varying levels of detail, from high level zone analysis during the design phase( this groundwork be useful for allowing foremen, area owners and Health and Safety agree on areas of responsibility a nd ownership), to detailed breakdowns for use by subcontractors so they can coordinate their own activities during construction of a project. This same model can be updated and sustained through the duration of the project based on an updated schedule and 3D model.The 4D elements are created by linking pre made 3D components to an activity in the Project Schedule. For example Task 1 is to erect 400m of mete fencing. For every 10% which is completed on the Project Schedule, 40m of fencing will appear on the graphic. iodin aspect of 4D scheduling which is of particular aid to Planners is that it allows them to visualise a related sequence of activities in the construction process which may not have always instantly have occurred to them, such as ever-changing location of traffic lanes and set down areas as buildings appear on a large state of affairs, or the changing locations/restrictions of swing space for cranes.Like an actual event or construction stage these non visual token activities require both start and end dates in the schedule linked to 3D components so that they can be visualised in the model. 4D Scheduling in the Project Life Cycle Though one of the most attractive uses of 4D (which I will detail later in this report) is at the bidding stage, there are three main stages of utilisation for the 4D model, Design, Tender and Construction. Design 4D models can be used to curb , different configurations to Lay Down areas, Compound ownership, and Swing space for cranes to optimise the Project Layout and Project Schedule.The model will allow for multiple alternatives which can be assessed in detail at relatively low cost. It can also allow the designer to provide alternatives to the original brief which can show how to dissolve the project schedule, and the effect can be shown visually with workflows , or the impact of external traffic to the site during peak hours can be assessed. Tender/Bidding The 4D model is fully utilised at this stage to demo nstrate the Contractors ability to understand, direct and execute the brief and instil confidence in the client that the Project will be delivered on.The fact that time is linked to the 3D model allows the client to see the issue of the project and how all external brokers have been taken into account and considered. It also generates a wow factor and allows the Contractor to stop and breakdown in detail different tasks at any stage of the presentation. Construction 4D models can be used for several aspects of Construction, its Coordination and regular milestone reviews. From identifying and communicating where, how and when different trades will operate, to rationality the traffic, site and workflow processes.The model can be used on site for progress reviews and compared to as built/scheduled plans, by the management for both milestone reviews, and indeed for claims purposes also. The overall model & Schedule can be broken down into individual components for communication betwe en main and subcontractors, and also used for communication between subcontractors themselves. Where possible the Main Contractor will allow the subcontractor access to the schedule so that they can visualise, communicate and update as required. Another valid use of the model during the construction phase. Project Team & Implementation D modelling/Scheduling is a combination of both the design and the schedule, so it is crucial to have various members of teh Project team on board to design, schedule implement and maintain the process. The first step is deciding who will create the model and who will provide teh inputs. Typicially teh team can be broken down and defined as follows 3D Modeller Generates teh 3D model and updates as per design requirements. Scheduler Generates the project schedule, timeline and provides updates. 4D Modeller Links the 4D model, provides guidance to both the Scheduler and 3D Modeller for updates.Project Stakeholders Provide inputs on their own requirement s and constraints at different stages of the project. Project Manager Though the Project manager does not require direct operational input or control of the 4D Model, they need to consider and understand a repress of crucial factors Software Integration Some 4D Software may only support certain formats of schedules and models. The project team should be confident that the 3D model and the supporting schedule are compatible and can be imported to the relevant 4D software.Interface Issues It is not a necessity for all stakeholders to create and edit the 4D model but it is beneficial for all stakeholders to view teh progressing model. Stakeholders may be allowed to view only teh required aspects of teh model which affects their work. This can be done by creating basic video files or animations that can be viewed by basic media players. Thus reducing teh outlay for smaller subcontractors on expensive software packages or licences where they may not be entirely required.

She Touched the Little Box in Her Pocket and Smiled

She touched the little en subjectwood in her pocket and smiled Anne was playacting all by her self as usual. Nobody bothered to play with her, for she was poor, so no unity knew ab out(p) her imaginative personality. Anne was used to it. she was roaming around the domesticate alone, when she caught the sight of something shining. She ran to it-it was a little golden box with some carvings on it. She picked it up, trying to imagine what there was inside.. an alien? Maybe some silver or chocolates?Or better still a tiny alien which would grow and grow and deject to eat people Anne put the box into her pocket. She decided to keep her little secret to herself to open the school afterschool. after a boring history lesson, the final bell rang. Anne rushed home and locked herself in her rom. She took out the box. She was afraid to open it ,though. What if it had a bomb in it? She finally summoned all her courage to open it when she was ghastly b a soft knock on her door. It was her m other. Anne please come and lay the table for tea, because Im tired and my head feels hot, she said Anne groaned and thought it would not make a difference if she did not do it. They did not have enough to buy food, anyway, so it was just biscuits and tea. She was impatient to open her box. tho she went lot and laid the table, and waited for her father, a poor tailor, to come back home. When he came, he sat down immediately, exhausted from walking. He opened his newspaper and began sipping his tea. A jewelry case, belonging to Mr. mason, containing a diamond ring, was muzzy on her way home. Whoever returns it will get a reward, he read aloud Anne opened the box that night. The next day, Anne went to school skipping. Her class had to write essays. She chose the topic if I were a millionaire to write on. The other children laughed at it. you? A millionaire? they asked She touched the little box I her pocket and smiled. It was Mr. Masons jewelry case with the ring inside

Faith and Man: A Literature Essay

In our history and our fiat we heard of stories of great men and women who kick the bucket through difficult times of their lives and were able to overcome and came up victorious. This made us to draw fervor from them. People admired their courage and the strength they possess to surpass the tests in their lives. What could construct driven this citizenry to continue and press on with their lives? Is it because they are just extraordinary people that can do so far impossible things or is it because of having a character full of faith?It is interesting to discover the role or relation of faith to man. Can man live without faith? What is faith and how do we explain it? trust means believing that you stomach tremendous power to do exceptional things and to overcome hardships. Man prescribed his faith will guarantee that he will survive. Where is this faith really coming from?Inspiring writingsHelen Kellers The Story of My Life illustrates an example of how a person with physic al defects can raise to a higher place all her problems and became one of the respected lecturer and social activists of America. Helen Keller quoted that Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can be through with(p) without hope and confidence.This word signifies that Helen Keller believed in the power of faith which is also related to optimism, hope and confidence. If people reflection at Helen Kellers life it may seem impossible for her to make significant contributions in society as her deafness and blindness was a real challenge. But because of her insurmountable faith she was able to comply in life.Emily Dickinson in her poem entitled My Faith Is Larger than the Hill had this first line which says M y Faith is larger than the Hills, so when the Hills decay, My Faith must take the Purple Wheel, to show the insolate the way. This would mean that her faith is much higher than the hills around her and no matter how negative things are, at that place is a ra y of hope waiting for her and could change the situation because she holds on to her faith.Grace Under conflagration Letters Of Faith In Times Of War by Andrew Carroll was a collection of war earn about the faith of the US troops and their families in the midst of danger it said We are straight encamped right in the midst of tall mountains which would look very(prenominal) strange to you they look like they get ahead clear up into the sky These days the mountains are now covered with ripe whortleberries which are very nice the people bring them to our camp & we buy them & our Irishman that cooks for us makes pies for usFaith Can act Mountains by Helen Downey is all about how a family increased their faith when Sara survived a major accident in her life. One line goes said that A tragic event happened before Saras parents opened their eye to that word called Faith.ConclusionFaith is something that people must develop in their selves. Faith comes from your tone that some invisi ble force may take control to help you survive the difficult situation. It is ever so thinking that everything will turn out right. It also pertains in having faith in God and his prophesy intervention in our lives. Having faith means having hope. A number of bookss were written on how people have used their faith in times of troubles and difficulties. They are written to encourage everyone undergoing hard times in their lives. It really showed the power of faith for us to do things which seem impossible.Maybe if we dont have faith everything around us will turn negative, there will be no literature ever written to inspire us and no literature to encourage us. Therefore faith is a gift from above that can empower and save us from all lifes challenges and difficulties. organise CitedDowney, Helen. Faith Can Move Mountains 21 July, 2009

Evaluating the Socio Economic Impact of the Structural Adjustment Program Essay

These return left well-nigh SSA countries with acute balance of payments (BOP) disequilibria and an inability to service their debts to foreign bodies. In an effort to articulated lorry the economic crises and to stimulate economic recovery, most African countries had to adjust and re-structure their economies. According to Dasgupta (1998), structural adjustment was seen as a fact of life. Thus in the 1980s, most African countries initiated economic policies which were sponsored by the World banking concern and supplemented by the International Monetary Fund(IMF) in the form of stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes ( run through).Between June 1986 and July 1987 wholly twenty one SSA countries went through with(predicate) World curse/IMF fatigue. Generally, peter outs entail policies designed by the world confide/IMF aimed at improving the socioeconomic conditions of implementing nations by restoring economic stability and achieving long term growth through addr essing structural weakness, and disequilibria in among others government budgets and external sector. More precisely, they involve the adoption and implementation of policies such as currency devaluation, trade liberalization, privatization, and removal of subsidies etc. hich argon perceived as means of reversing the pervasive neighborly and economic problems of developing nations. There has been a considerable amount of literature on the effects of SAP measures on less developed countries (LDCs) with no apparent consensus. On the one hand, international financial institutions (IFIs) support that SAPs are vital tools for economic recovery and sustainable economic growth. On the other hand, many economists and kindly scientists argue that SAP measures strike led to recessions and poor standards of living in developing countries (Jauch 1999).Thus, the impacts of SAPs remain highly controversial. Even though there are disparities as to the exact effects of SAPs, it is generally acc epted that they contract far reaching implications for not only the macroeconomic environment of the countries concerned but society at large (Mosley and Weeks, 1993, Riddle, 1992, Stein, 1992, El-Tom, 1994, World Bank, 1994). It is against this background that this sermon attempts to study and analyse the effects of SAP on the Nigerian economy.The choice of Nigeria as a case study is due to the fact that it has implemented one of the most radical structural adjustment programmes in Africa. Thus the question which posed is, what impact if any has SAP had on the Nigerian economy. Before we proceed, it should be emphasised that this dissertation subsumes IMF stabilisation programmes under World Bank structural adjustment programmes. The reason for this is that the two programmes are intertwined and this is done also for simplicity. . 2 Aims and Objectives This paper aims to seek the role SAP has played in the Nigerian economy. The major objective of the project is to offer a better understanding as to why, what and how structural adjustment program in Nigeria evolved. The primary focal forefront is to inspect the basis for and causes of the reforms, formulation and implementation processes, and the reform outcomes. The precise objectives of the dissertation are as follows First, to grant a better understanding of the background to the economic crises in Nigeria that led to SAP * Second, to outline the objectives of SAP and the reforms implemented by the Nigerian government * Third, to analyse the macroeconomic and social consequences of implementing SAP in Nigeria 1. 3 Methodology and info To evaluate the effects of SAP on the Nigerian economy, the dissertation applies so-called before-after draw near which in its essence compares the values of selected variables in the period before a program is implemented to those of post-implementation.This get has been one of the most widely used when evaluating SAP. One of the main advantages of the approach is that it can give an perceptiveness into whether structural adjustment improved key economic indicators. The major shortcoming of the methodology employed in this paper is that it assumes that all outcomes are the result of the programme itself and thus does not take into account the impacts of others factors. other limitation is that it does not reveal the causes of variable changes.However, in spite of the fact that the before-after approach may have some degree of bias as an estimation procedure, it nevertheless, has inherent objectivity and is relatively easy to employ. The dissertation relies on secondary data mainly World Development Indicators. In addition, various government publications are utilised. In the case of Nigeria, the lack of data and the quality of data available had a major control on the study. The data were often found to be unavailable and there were discrepancies in the different data sources.

Thesis Customer Satisfaction

CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature This chapter presents the literature colligate to this subscribe. This will be passed with the assessment of related literature to show the relevance of the literature to the study. RELATED literary harvest-festivalions node joy is the most fundamental requirement for being in business. Therefore, every judicature should excogitation the right strategies for dealing with guests, communicating with them, providing pleasant run and retaining them forever with specially chosen client liaison employees, all leading to their delight.Since most of the quality problems arise due to misunderstood requirements, it is essential to take locomote to correctly understand, both the stated and implied requirements of the clients. The system should not only fulfill the contracted requirements, barely as well as make it ap tip to provide unanticipated spargon services to delight the customers and retaining them forever. The most all important( predicate) point is that organizations should provide COMFORT to the customers while serving them. Thus, the business should be oriented towards satisfying customers. (Subburaj Ramasamy TQM-Intl interlingual rendition 2012)Customer satisfaction is the state of mind that customers have astir(predicate) a company when their expectations have been met or exceeded everyplace the lifetime of the product or service. The achievement of customer satisfaction leads to company loyalty and product repurchase. Customer satisfaction measurement must be undertaken with an understanding of the gap between customer expectations and attribute death penalty perceptions. Clearly defining and understanding customer satisfaction tush help any company invest opportunities for product and service innovation and serve as the basis for performance appraisal and reward systems. Kevin Cacioppo step and Managing Customer Satisfaction) Customer satisfaction has been a popular bindingic in marketing prac tice and schoolman research since Cardozos (1965) initial study of customer effort, expectations and satisfaction. Despite many attempts to measure and explain customer satisfaction, at that place still does not appear to be a consensus regarding its definition (Giese and Cote, 2000). Customer satisfaction is typically define as a post consumption evaluative judgement concerning a specific product or service (Gundersen, Heide and Olsson, 1996).It is the result of an evaluative process that contrasts prepurchase expectations with perceptions of performance during and after the consumption experience (Oliver, 1980). The most astray accepted conceptualization of the customer satisfaction concept is the expectancy disconfirmation theory (Barsky, 1992 Oh and Parks, 1997 McQuitty, Finn and Wiley, 2000). The theory was developed by Oliver (1980), who proposed that satisfaction level is a result of the difference between expected and perceived performance. Satisfaction (positive disconf irmation) occurs when product or service is better than expected.On the other hand, a performance worse than expected results with dissatisfaction (negative disconfirmation). Studies show that customer satisfaction may have direct and indirect impact on business results. Anderson et al. (1994), Yeung et al. (2002), and Luo and Homburg (2007) gauge that customer satisfaction positively affects business profitability. The majority of studies have investigated the relationship with customer behaviour patterns (Soderlund, 1998 Kandampully and Suhartanto, 2000 Dimitriades, 2006 Olorunniwo et al. 2006 chi and Qu, 2008 Faullant et al. , 2008). According to these findings, customer satisfaction increases customer loyalty, influences repurchase intentions and leads to positive word-of-mouth. Given the vital role of customer satisfaction, it is not surprising that a variety of research has been devoted to investigating the determinants of satisfaction (Churchill and Surprenant, 1982 Oliver , 1980 Barsky, 1995 Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003). Satisfaction can be determined by subjective (e. g. customer needs, emotions) and objective factors (e. . product and service features). Applying to the hospitality industry, thither have been numerous studies that examine attributes that travellers may find important regarding customer satisfaction. Atkinson (1988) found out that cleanliness, security, rate for money and courtesy of staff determine customer satisfaction. Knutson (1988) noticeed that room cleanliness and comfort, convenience of location, prompt service, safety and security, and affection of employees argon important. Barsky and Labagh (1992) stated that employee attitude, location nd rooms are likely to influence travellers satisfaction. A study conducted by Akan (1995) showed that the main determinants of hotel guest satisfaction are the behaviour of employees, cleanliness and timeliness. Choi and Chu (2001) concluded that staff quality, room qualities and honor are the top 3 hotel factors that determine travellers satisfaction. Providing services those customers prefer is a starting point for providing customer satisfaction. A relatively easy way to determine what services customer prefers is simply to ask them.According to gigabit and Horsnell (1998), and Su (2004), guest comment cards (GCCs) are most commonly using upd for determining hotel guest satisfaction. GCCs are usually distributed in hotel rooms, at the reception desk or in some other visible place. However, studies reveal that numerous hotel chains use guest satisfaction evaluating methods based on inadequate practices to make important and complex managerial decisions (Barsky, 1992 Barsky and Huxley, 1992 Jones and Ioannou, 1993, gibibyte and Horsnell, 1998 Su, 2004).The most commonly made faults can be divided into three main areas, namely, quality of the render, design of the GCCs, and data collection and analysis (Gilbert and Horsnell, 1998). In order to improve the har diness of hotel guest satisfaction measurement practice, Barsky and Huxley (1992) proposed a new sampling procedure that is a quality sample. It reduces nonresponse bias by offering incentives for completing the questionnaires. The components of their questionnaire are based on disconfirmation paradigm and expectancy-value theory.In this manner, guests can taper whether service was above or below their expectations and whether they considered a particular service important or not. Furtherto a greater extent, Gilbert and Horsnell (1998) developed a list of criteria for GCC content analysis, which is adopted in this study as well. Schall (2003) discusses the issues of question clarity, scaling, validity, go off timing, question order and sample size. Customers requirements for satisfaction are difficult to comprehend. They have different preference when it comes to availing services from providers.Same with hospitality industry for establishments like Bayleaf hotel of Intramuros th eres a dowry of effort to make, creative view and strategy to stay in the rival. To be the only hotel in Intramuros, a great expectation among visitors is ever so present. Unless an organization evolves specific methods for measuring customer satisfaction and quantify the results, it may be difficult to phrase whether the customers are satisfied or not whether customer satisfaction is improving or not it similarly vey essentials to measure customer satisfaction so as to stay ahead of competition.Each business unit has to conduct its business in such a way that it is adequate to(p) to achieve more customer satisfaction than its competitors at all times. Therefore, to face and win the competition, every organization should continue to improve their products and services and shit higher levels of customer satisfaction. Regarding on customer satisfaction, the following statement could indicate that the establishment has a lot of services to offer. Statement of the experience cu stomers will prove that Bayleaf Hotel can stand in a competition as a boutique hotel yet can provide 5-star experience to its valued customers.According to Dr. Deo Baraan the owner of the website (thegrandeurtraveler. com) If you are looking for a new hotel that will show you Manilas rich history, lost magic and inimitable views, nix would be more perfect than the Bayleaf Hotel. In addition to what he says, Everyone can now have a taste of an upscale accommodation in the heart of Manilas historic district. When it comes to money issues, Vic Nair of Kuala Lumpur (tripadvisory. com) stated Bayleaf is a great hotel with value for money.Excellent service from their young staff members. Another statement that we got from redheelsinthecity (tripadvisory. com) Manila, in general, is a busy, contaminated and messy city. Finding a place like this is close to impossible. 9 spoons restaurant has the best intellectual nourishment and ambiance. However what I love about the place is the Sky Deck View Bar. Especially on a cold night, having a beer absolutely scratches your stress away. Not to mention you get even more amazed by the view around, very conducive for unwinding.The place can immensely cater a good service especially for occasions. Most of all, it stands in the heart of the old city called Intramuros, which I think is the best location in manila. Service of the staff and management is impeccably wonderful and impressive. It is certainly not easy, at least to start with, to compute indices for customer satisfaction. It requires innovative people, a determined management and additional efforts by the organization for this purpose. This will pay for more than itself in the ultimate analysis.Therefore, the chief executive of the organization should be committed and persuasive in measuring customer satisfaction in the interest of the organization and provide resources for this task. A feedback or a direction criticizing the organization should be taken as a bles sing in disguise and in the right spirit. If there is no direct feedback or complaint, then(prenominal) the organization should look for other ways for finding out the same, since feedback is one of the most important triggers for improvement.If complaints are made, the organization should seriously make efforts to see that the complaints are result to the satisfaction of the customers. (Subburaj Ramasamy 2012) According to Ms. Glenda G. one of the experienced customer of the Bayleaf Hotel We booked paid the rooms 6 months ago requested a queen beds but we got 2 twin separate beds, its also a terrible service at the roof top restaurant theyre so slow in accommodating. We even said give us a lap up cloth will clean the tables Another experienced customer (tripadvisory. om) WWWorkes of Vilnius state that All in all, this is a clean, comfortable hotel in a great location but dont expect to be able to spend any amount of time relaxing in it it has little to offer and generally doe snt view its potential VIP on Bangkok also commented on the website regarding in his experience on the hotel I like its surrounding and location, but ventilation need improvement to get rid of damp liveliness in the room. Towels smell too strong chemical Every complaint should lead to determine efforts by the organization to make improvements so as the result in non-reoccurrence of such complaints in the future.In short, the service provider should have a system to solicit feedbacks and complaints, deal with them dispassionately, make up the defects immediately, compensate where not possible to rectify and crush such mistakes to find out measures for their non- reoccurrence and implement the measures strictly. The above is also known as complaint recovery process. Every organization should have a well-defined process and procedure for getting feedback and receiving complaints from the customers and use every complaint as an instrument for improvements. SYNTHESISChapter 2 is abo ut the review of related literature it is about the purpose of the review to analyze critically a segment of a published book of cognition through summary, classification and comparison of prior research studies, reviews of literature, and theoretical articles. We have the foreign and local literature. In foreign literature we based on the research book. What we had is the article of Subburaj Ramasamy, Kevin Cacioppo, Cardozos (1965), Giese and Cote, (2000), Gundersen, Heide and Olsson, (1996), Oliver, (1980), Anderson et al. (1994), Yeung et al. 2002), and Luo and Homburg (2007), Barsky, 1992 Oh and Parks, 1997 McQuitty, Finn and Wiley, 2000, Soderlund, 1998 Kandampully and Suhartanto, 2000 Dimitriades, 2006 Olorunniwo et al. , 2006 Chi and Qu, 2008 Faullant et al. , 2008, Churchill and Surprenant, 1982 Oliver, 1980 Barsky, 1995 Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003), Atkinson (1988), Knutson (1988), Barsky and Labagh (1992), Akan (1995), Choi and Chu (2001),Gilbert and Horsnell (1998), and Su (2004), and those books associates some knowledge and ideas regarding customer satisfaction and hospitality industry.For instance we also got statements from foreign customers who had an experience in staying at Bayleaf Hotel namely Redheelsinthecity, WWWorkers, and VIP on Bangkok. For local literature we have Ms. Glenda G. and Dr. Deo Baraan, who experienced Bayleaf Hotel as well. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to analyze critically a segment of a published body of knowledge through these articles. INPUT Bayleaf Hotel, Intramuros as the focus of the study and as a new hotel caters to satisfy tourists within and outside Intramuros.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK do * Surveying through questionaires * Interview OUTPUT Determine the level of customer satisfaction in Bayleaf Hotel and fight of the establishment. The conceptual framework above shows that the input in Bayleaf Hotel, Intramuros as the focus of the study and as a new hotel caters to satisfy tourists within and outside I ntramuros. The process of the study is done by giving look through questionnaire and conducting interview to determine the level of customer satisfaction and competitiveness of Bayleaf Hotel.