ACT Prep

Is There Asian-American Discrimination in College Admissions and SAT / ACT Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Recently, there has been substantial coverage about whether colleges discriminate against Asian-Americans in admissions and even test prep. What does that mean for these students? How should such students navigate SAT / ACT prep and college admissions? This article surveys the current state of admissions and gives some tips. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of PrepScholar or any affiliate. While even broaching this topic can be seen as controversial, I also believe, as an educator, that I’m responsible for giving advice that helps the greatest number of students understand the landscape. This article specifically addresses Asian-Americans applying from the US and not applicants directly applying from Asia. Introduction The intersection of race and college admissions has always been a sensitive issue, but recently it has boiled over to the front pages of newspapers. Sociology professor Thomas Espenshade writes that â€Å"To receive equal consideration by elite colleges, Asian-Americans must outperform Whites by 140 points [on the 1600-scale SAT].† Data from the National Center for Education Statistics show that, while Asians of college age doubled in the last 25 years, their enrollment rates at Ivy-League schools have stayed the same. S.B. Woo, founder of the National Asian-American Educational Foundation,concludes that the â€Å"discrimination is obvious†. Others defend using race as a factor in admissions. Director of Education Equity Khin Aung argues that considering race allows benefits of diversity such as â€Å"creating the most effective learning environment.† Jeff Neal, a spokesperson at Harvard, states that Harvard â€Å"continues to support the use of holistic admissions process," which implicitly includes race. To catch up with the current state of conversation on the topic, all you have to do is Google â€Å"Asian college admissions†. Are Asian-Americans Discriminated Against in College Admissions? The value of affirmative action is controversial, but the existence of affirmative action is undisputed. The vast majority of experts in college admissions and SAT / ACT prep agree that affirmative action exists - college admissions is not totally blind to race. Given an ACT / SAT score range, it is an empirical fact that Asian-Americans have a lower acceptance rate than the average white American in many data setssuch as the Espenshade and Radford 1997 elite college admissions data. Likewise, a survey of the admitted class of 2017 at Harvard revealed that SAT scores for Asians (including Indians) were higher than those of whites. However, as anyone who has studied statistics can tell you (and I do have a Master’s degree in the field), those facts above are correlations and not causations. They suggest, but do not prove, that an Asian-American with otherwise the same application to the same school as a white American will have a lower chance of admission. I call this the Hypothesis that being Asian Lowers Admissions Chances (HALAC). HALAC, of course, implies that being Asian means that getting into a given college will be harderfor you than for a white American. What This Article Does and Does Not Do This article will give you advice as to what an Asian-American may want to consider doing to maximize chances of college admissions. On both the front of the university and the government, policy moves too slowly for it to help most Asian-Americans with this issue. Therefore, this article doesn't take any stance on the correct institutional policies or political views as a response to HALAC. Additionally, given that causality is difficult to prove, this article doesn't take a stance on whether causally the HALAC effect exists. Instead, this article focuses on things you, as an Asian-American, can do right now to maximize your chances of being accepted into top colleges. If you read through the evidence and believe that the HALAC effect exists, then the suggestions below can be useful to you. If you Google the evidence and don't think it supports HALAC, that's fine too - the advice below will be less applicable to you in that case. What Doesn't Work Before I give you the tips for what works for Asian applicants under the HALAC effect, I will first go over what absolutely doesn’t work. First, lying doesn’t work nearly as well as you might think.What if you just don’t check the Asian box? What if you check â€Å"don’t want to disclose†? The problem is that colleges can often tell your race through other means. You do have to give colleges your legal name - if your last name is Nguyen, Lee, Kim, or Patel, for example, the admissions staff will almost certainly figure it out. What about just changing your name or making up your name? This will really get you into hot water as colleges are pretty good about calling your past teachers and running background checks on you. A good rule of thumb is this: if a casual friend who knows you would unambiguously say you’re of Asian ethnicity, it’s hard to get around it. Just put down that you’re Asian and be done with it. By telling the truth on your name and ethnicity box, you at least signal honesty. On the other hand, if you have a legitimate reason for not identifying as Asian, then you can, in fact, consider this path. Suppose you’re genetically 25% Asian and 75% Hispanic, and your parents were both born in the United States. Some college applications ask you to identify with one or as many ethnicities as you want. Under the HALAC effect you probably do want to omit Asian, if allowed. Also, mass action will rarely work to your advantage for admissions. By mass action, I mean protesting the HALAC effect, suing colleges, complaining to the government, and so forth. Colleges may be reluctant to admit a student likely to cause the administration a headache.Remember, university administration is a highly political entity. The government political process also works way too slowly. It will cost millions to fight it out in court and years to reach a judgment. If your goal is to raise your chances of admissions under the HALAC effect, I would think twice about filing an official grievance. Of course, there are other fine reasons that you may want to take mass action in the future, perhaps due to your political or ethical beliefs. However, I’m just telling you that, almost always, taking official or mass action won’t increase your personal short-term chances of getting into a certain school. Who Does This Article Apply To? This article applies much more to Americans of Asian heritage, i.e. students who have studied in the US at least a few years before they apply to college. It applies much less to students who are applying directly from another country. These latter students are better classified as international students. For them, there is a whole set of other factors that are more important - for example appetite of a college for internationalstudents, authenticity of documents, etc. Throughout this article, the term â€Å"Asian† includes Indian and other ethnically related neighbors - since the data across these groups are all similar. How You Can Combat the HALAC Effect Now that you understand what the HALAC effect is, how can you use that information to increase your chances of getting into top schools? Below are three strategies for combating the HALAC effect; read through them to learn how to maximize your chances of admission. Step 1: Account for the HALAC Effect Before you can combat the HALAC effect, first you have to find where it exists. The HALAC effect is not something that can be magically erased by easy action on your part. Therefore, in response to the HALAC effect, the first and most important thing that a student of Asian heritage should do is to account for it correctly. By this, I mean realizing that your chances of getting in are lower and planning accordingly which colleges you’ll apply to and how you’ll apply to them. Accounting for the HALAC effectmeans that you should adjust where your reach, target, and safety schools are. Instead of putting them as high as you might otherwise, target them a little lower. If you target too high, you run the risk of overshooting - not getting into the target schools of your choice and instead getting into a safety school that you didn’t spend much time researching. You should also account for the HALAC effect more at classically â€Å"elite† colleges. Colleges that are US News ranked 1-10 probably suffer most from HALAC, with the effect decreasing through colleges 10-50 in rank. The effect becomes much lower in colleges ranked above 50. In fact, most HALAC studies focus on the top colleges for exactly this reason: the effects are more concentrated and more statistically significant there. There are many potential reasons for the concentration of the HALAC effect on highly ranked colleges. Proportionally, more Asians apply to these colleges, leading to the HALAC effect when colleges diversify away from Asians. Also, these schools tend to care the most about diversity factors because they are already oversubscribed by great academic performers. These diversity factors tend to be big drivers of the HALAC effect. Conversely, a more moderately rated college will show a lesser HALAC effect because, to them, someone academically strong is itself a great asset. How do you account for the HALAC effect? One method is to apply to more colleges when doing applications. Apply to three times the number of reach schools you would otherwise and twice the number of target schools. Applying to more schools ensures that you compensate for lower chances due to HALAC. The more accurate method to account for HALAC is to just do an SAT / ACT score adjustment. That is, lower your SAT by 100 points (on the 1600 scale) or yourACT score by 2 points, and then go through the colleges you’re applying to â€Å"as if† you got your adjusted score. For example, if you really got a 1500 on your SAT, think of your chances of getting into college as if you got a 1400 instead. When you look up your chances using our â€Å"what are my chances table†, use 1400 instead of 1500. By doing this adjustment, you’ll correctly identifythe right reach, target, and safety schools. Why 100 points on the SAT and 2 points on the ACT? These are rough numbers that are closest to a large set of consensus estimates for the HALAC effect. They’re a little lower than the Espenshade study but higher than some other casual surveys. I should disclaim that these numbers are rules of thumb and not hard scientific numbers. Also, for rank 1-10 schools, you should adjust for the full 100 points, but if you’re applying to schools ranked 10-50, a rule of thumb is you can account for just a 50-point adjustment. The adjustment beyond rank 50 will be smaller still. Step 2: Combat the HALAC Effect Through Test Scores Given that Asians need a 100-point increase on the 1600-SAT to reach the same admissions chances, another way to combat the effect is just by having a higher SAT / ACT score.This does require more time and dedication, but it’s definitely possible. It’s not easy to improve by 100 points on the SAT or 2 points on the ACT. However, such improvements are definitely doable. In fact, we at PrepScholar have a 160-point guarantee for the SATand a 4-point guarantee for the ACT.You’ll need to work harder, but you can overcome the HALAC effect this way. Some stereotype Asians as studying more than usual forthe SAT / ACT. However, with their need to score higher just to have the same chances under HALAC, this behavioris much less of a surprise. Step 3: Combat the HALAC Effect Through Diversity in Other Areas To combat HALAC closer to its roots, it’s useful to examine how the HALAC effect arises. Supporters of affirmative action, including the universities themselves, always emphasize diversity as the primary goal. While one can argue about whether that is the sole goal of affirmative action, it is clear that diversity provides a strong channel to drive the HALAC effect. Looking at the diversity driver of the HALAC effect will be another key for Asians to overcome it. Under this diversity driver model, the reason HALAC occurs is because, in the eyes of admissions officers, too many Asian applicants all look the same on paper. They are too similar along too many dimensions. These applicants all do well in school, have high ACT / SAT scores, play violin or piano, and play a racketsport like tennis. Oh and, of course, they are all Asian. The problem from the point of diversity isn’t that an applicant is merely Asian, but rather that an entire host of applicants all look the same along other dimensions. A colorful but useful analogy for the diversity needs of colleges is putting horses into barn stalls. The horses represent applicants, and the barn stalls are the â€Å"spaces† and archetypes that the school has for these applicants. One stall might be labeledâ€Å"Asian, high grades, piano player† - and this stall is overfilled. But if you were white, the â€Å"white, high grades, piano player† stall is only half full! You can’t change your ethnicity, but you can definitely change your other labels, your other dimensions. It turns out that â€Å"Asian, high grades, lacrosse star† is wide open too! Why not fill that stall instead? Put in more theoretical terms, to the extent the HALAC effect is about diversity, you can generate diversity along other dimensions. Instead of being an Asian who’s a top ranked violin player (stereotypical Asian), why not try being a top guitar player? You can go further than that. While a guitar is not stereotypically Asian, it is still a very common instrument. Perhaps you are better off trying to be a top French horn player? Instead of playing badminton, why not try soccer or squash? Generally, think about what the stereotypical Asian applicant looks like. If you can be equally good along a dimension but break the stereotype, it is definitely to your advantage. Being in your state’s top 20 tennis players is probably less advantageous than being one of your state’s top 20 lacrosse players. Being a top 50 debater in your state is probably better than being a top 50 math competitor. It is important that you break the Asian stereotype in ways that are low cost to you. If you can jump from being a top 20 tennis player to a top 20 lacrosse player for free, you definitely should. But life is rarely that simple - and that’s just one of many reasons I don’t like the plain advice â€Å"appear less Asian†. What if you’re a nationally ranked tennis player and don’t know a thing about lacrosse? What if math is your passion and debating is more boring to you than breaking rocks? You have to account for the fact that breaking stereotypes can be costly. I would say that, for an Asian applicant, a rank 50 state debater is stronger than a rank 50 math competitor. But a rank 50 debater is definitely weaker than a rank 5 state math competitor and is probably equal to a rank 20 state math competitor. When it comes to top colleges, they care about what you’re best at and your natural spike. I would be extremely cautious about sacrificing your best dimension in the name of diversity. In fact, I would almost never sacrifice your spike for diversity. The take-away message is this: if you can diversify in extracurriculars at low cost, then do it. However, if you have a special talent, and it happens to be in an area that â€Å"looks Asian†, then don’t give it up. The right calibration is probably a loss of 2x in rank. If you can switch from an Asian-heavy activity to an Asian-light one and lose just 1.5x in rank (e.g. rank 20 to rank 30), then make the switch. But if you have to give up 4x in rank (rank 20 to rank 80), don’t make the switch. Summary Hopefully, the above article gives you a good sense of the unique landscape that Asian-American applicants face in United States college admissions. We started out with some background on the debate - although if you want the full story it’s best to Google the controversy yourself. Then we talked about what the data shows and whether you believe in the Hypothesis of Asians having Lower Admissions Chances. In such a case, we examined how big the HALAC effect can be (about 100 points on the SAT scale). The good news is that there are steps Asian-Americans can take to increase their chances. First, look for diversity in dimensions beyond race; look for diversity in extracurriculars. Second, it’s important to ensure that you’re strong on the SAT / ACT front to make up those 100 points. Do both of these things and you'll give yourself a much better shot at getting into your dream schools. What's Next? Want to improve your SAT score so that you have a better chance of getting into topschools? Learn how studying can get you a perfect SAT score! Wondering which extracurriculars you should join to help yourself stand out? We have guides that include hundreds of extracurriculars ideas andexamples of amazing extracurriculars that are sure to impress colleges. Want more information on what it takes to get into top schools? Learn how to get accepted to Harvard and the Ivy League, written by a Harvard alum. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is co-founder of PrepScholar. He scored a perfect score on the SAT and is passionate about sharing information with aspiring students. Fred graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor's in Mathematics and a PhD in Economics. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.579b5366-e3e9-4832-acfa-49442ccb5a'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Discuss your Understanding of the pros and cons of MRPII systems, Essay

Discuss your Understanding of the pros and cons of MRPII systems, citing at least two Web sources. How could any new system be better than an MRPII system - Essay Example es and processes information for effective decision making in scheduling, designing, inventory management and cost control in the business (Goddard, 1993). MRP II is a computer-based scheme that generates detailed production schedules using real time data to harmonize the influx of constituent resources. It is commonly used by itself, but also with the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. The MRP II system does have pros and cons which are elaborated subsequently (Goddard, 1993). The Manufacturing Resource Planning II promotes improved consistency in-on-time customer delivery and enhances inventory reductions of one-fourth to one-third. Also, there is elevated inventory turnover decline in purchasing costs because of fewer expedited shipments. Lastly, it minimizes of workforce overtime (Goddard, 1993). The cons of MRP II are centered on the fact that all of the preceding planning before creation can be based on disingenuous data and decelerate the production process itself. As unanticipated changes occur, the planning process ought to be recalculated from the start, which can cause wastefulness if feedback about drawbacks is not supplied on a well-timed, regular basis (Goddard, 1993). In conclusion, the current MRP II system takes time to put up and implement and so a new system will be better. Some recent MRP II systems have integrated limited decision making support functionality, whereas the business is moving to a newer age band of a stable, comprehensive technology, and risk is relatively low (Murgiano,

Adult learning and development theories applied to military education Assignment

Adult learning and development theories applied to military education - Assignment Example Established educational programs play an important role in influencing learning processes and program components, moderated by learning and developmental theories, empowers learning processes to success. Examples of learning theories are social cognitive orientation theory, transformational learning theory and self-directed learning theory while Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is an example of developmental theories. Class sessions, tutoring, advising, program evaluation, and mandatory assessment are examples of program components and this paper reviews them subject to learning theories and developmental theories. Transformational learning theory and educational learning components Transformational learning theory is core to adult learning program. The theory’s core construct is the learning approach in which adults transform their existing knowledge, opinions, and assumptions and assume a more open minded and comprehensive scope of their experiences. The theor y relies on meditations, based on positive and negative experiences that motivate an individual and those experiences that develop surprises to adult learners, leading to social change that may be evident in reduced poverty level in the society, enhanced knowledge base in the learners, or reduced level of oppression. Transformational learning also relies on learners’ rationale from which new knowledge constructs are developed from experiences (Merriam, Caffarella and Baumgartner, 2012; Westby, 2007). Class session defines the traditional learning process in which a teacher teaches students belonging to a given class. It is a common approach to adult education, especially because of fixed schedules converges learning time, and constrained facilities. The foundation of class session exposure of the learner to new knowledge and this identifies with diversified aspects of the transformational learning theory. Exposure to new knowledge offers a basis for reflection into the learne r’s experience, a process that triggers the transformational learning theory’s aspect of reconstruction of perspectives. Developed knowledge in class sessions also offer a benchmark for determining the motivational aspect of an experience as lower benchmarks would enlist positive attitude while high benchmarks would identify discouragements in a learner’s experience. Interactive class sessions also exhaust learners’ perspectives and rationale to transform approach to knowledge development and to changed held perspectives (King, 2009; Boylan, Bliss and Bonham, 1997). Unlike class sessions, tutoring focuses on small number of students per educators and may sometimes be done on a one-on one basis. Its scope is similar to the scope of class session and therefore identify with transformational learning theory. The tutor, in a facilitator role, exposes learners to constructs that evoke reflection and meditation upon experience to motivate new perspectives. Lear nt knowledge from the program component also establishes standards that motivate learners into reflections and meditations. Consequently, tutoring identifies with the transformational learning theory through its concepts that promote reflection, among learners, of their experience, meditation upon the experiences, and integration of the experiences and learnt concepts for a new perspective. Advisory and counseling initiatives are other major components of educational programs and apply to adult education. The adult learner prefers an active approach to knowl

The Electronic Frontiers Australia Essay Example for Free

The Electronic Frontiers Australia Essay The Electronic Frontiers Australia, Inc. (EFA) has launched a campaign â€Å"Generation Z safely surfing the Internet†, in an attempt to revoke the Australian law of forcefully blocking inappropriate content from teenage children. EFA is a NGO dedicated to the cause of promoting Internet users rights. The Australian government had earlier passed a law in 2007 requiring all Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to implement Internet filtering; which the EFA opposes. Though the proposal was held in principle by the Rudd Labor government without any detailed subsequent information, its application was confirmed in January 2008 by Minister Conroy. The campaign by EFA aims to promote safe Internet usage of the Generation Z through media and communication. The education of parents on monitoring their children’s Internet usage is also emphasized. Forcefully blocking content is an infringement of civil liberties of the computer operators, which needs to be resisted. Apart from civil rights, such blockages deprive parents of the opportunity to guide their children towards safe surfing, through habit cultivation. EFA expects communities like Adolescent Family Counseling, Anglicare and Australian Camp Connect Association to extend support for its campaign. The EFA has pointed out to the results of a 2005 survey by the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) that showed that most parents are against the filtering system. With only three out of ten parents using the system, most parents maintained that they trusted their children’s ability to judge right from wrong. Some parents felt that the software of the filtering system was ineffective and therefore the objectives of the system cannot be realized. Many parents also felt that the implementation of the filters drastically reduced Internet speed. The EFA questioned the technical feasibility of the system saying that both the filtering systems, content analysis and index filtering are not completely foolproof. There are several ways through which the black listed content can pass through the system. Also the harmful content identified by the Australian Communications Media Authority for black listing does not include content originating outside Australia. Elaborating on the costs to the government on account of the filtering system, EFA spokesman Colin Jacobs said that the $24. 3 million allocated for this in the current budget and the $51. 4 million anticipated for the next year can be put to better use. The government in its 2004 report, revealed that the expense of executing ISP-level Internet filtering systems would be $45 million towards initial installation, extra servers to run the software and ISP personnel to set up the system, and $33 million required subsequently each year. The government had maintained that it is unsafe for children to access the Internet without the controls. However children belonging to the Generation Z have high curiosity and needs, always wanting to seek and explore. This aspect of childhood trait should be not be chopped down by forcefully blocking content. Children need to be encouraged to explore; however they need to be guided by the parents. As part of its strategy, EFA banks on major media releases on the topic to gather support. With a media portfolio of three newspapers, five online media, two journals and airtime on two radios, EFA intends to put the issue in the lime light of public sphere. Social workshops to attract journalists and establishing of strategic partnerships with media groups and publications sharing EFA views, are also in the agenda. Holding community meetings, interviews with the focus group, delivering speeches, distributing pamphlets and publishing monthly newsletters are part of the campaign’s strategy.

Great Expectations: Lessons on Life and Love :: Great Expectations Essays

Great Expectations: Lessons on Life and Love Great Expectations is merely timeless. It is about all the things that life is about: how relatives can be loving, or abusive, how people can choose their own families; how a woman might be driven to destroy her child, or give her child away; how people may be corrupt, may be redeemed; how your upbringing defines your character, and how you may rise above or embrace that definition; and how, finally, love is a choice. Great Expectations, written by Charles Dickens, is a moral book, without any clear moral directives. Its language is beautiful, its plot compelling, its characters complex and complete. People, Dickens tells us, are not always what they seem. Not simply because they've disguised or hidden or renamed themselves, like Magwitch; not only because those who seem most beautiful may be, in fact, most terrible, like Estella. People are not always what they seem because people are never only one thing. The wretched Mrs. Joe becomes nearly lovable after her injury; Mrs. Havisham melts (before she burns); Magwitch in trouble terrorizes Pip, but in prosperity is his benefactor; Wemmick's character is dependent on his location; there is a hint that even Estella, at last, is not as brightly cold as her name and nature suggests; and, of course, Pip is at first good, and then snobbish and profligate, and then, finally, good. Money changes everything except human nature. Human beings chan ge: not for the better, and not for the worse, and not permanently. People change, then change back. Their changes do not necessarily make them happy. That is the human condition. "That was a memorable day for me," says Pip, after first visiting Satis House, "for it made great changes in me. But it is the same with any life. Imagine one selected day struck out of it, and think how different its course would have been. Pause, you who read this, and think for a moment of the long chain of iron or gold, of thorns or flowers, that would never have bound you, but for the formation of the first link on one memorable day." "Great Expectations" is no less instructive for not being morally definite. That first link will change you, as the circumstances of your childhood will. It is your own duty (I believe Dickens says) to change yourself inwardly as you are changed outwardly.

Biometrics Identification Attendance Monitoring System Essay

Technology plays an important role in our society because of modernization. One that makes the daily activities of organizations more convenient is the use of technology. The internet that is really abundant today for handling information, web-based applications are some example of this and Information Technology (IT) is a big help to many companies. To resolve the problems encountered in the daily processes as well as to make their company effective and competitive. â€Å"Business Analytics† is a continuous iterative exploration that refers to the technology, application, processes and a fact based management to driven decision making. Philippine Auto Components, Inc. was established in the Philippines in 1995. The company is a part of DENSO Corporation Japan, which is the leading company in automotive technology components in the world. The products are car air-conditioning and heating systems, electrical automotive and electronic control products, filters, fuel management systems, instrument panel clusters and radiators. PAC is certified as ISO 14001 in August 1998 for it regards the preservation of natural resources and international and environmental standard. The company have the mission to contribute to the better world by creating value together with a vision for future. It’s Vision to become the top design engineering who totally develop Electronic automobile technology. Its philosophy, such as Customer satisfaction to quality products and services, Global Growth through anticipation of change, Environmental Preservation and harmony with society and Corporate vitality and respect for individuality. The organization works the spirit of having teamwork, as One for All, All for One†. The policy in the manufacturing as 3M- Minimum space, stock, investment; 3N- No defect received, produced, delivered; 3S- speed, simple, s. o. p and 3Z- Zero emission, variance, accident. The principles of HR to their employees to motivate them to work with encouragement by fully concentrating with their capabilities, to recruit, assign, retain, and develop competitive workers with creative power and fair HR management policies to gain for DENSO recognition in both community and associates. Since they expanded last year, they will focus on recruitment of new employees and maintaining the performances of their current workers. Because of this they exceed more time and focus for the HR Personnel to generate reports about the employees, the applicants as well as the supervisors. In the recruitment process, there are applicants that will have an exam once they submitted their resume in the company; applicant wait hours while screening of their resume which is checked by HR Personnel. Applicants who passed the exam will be informed through phone for scheduled interview and requirements. Usually applicants wait months with the result. When an employee requests a sick leave, he/she is required to fill up explanatory form. Before request leave acceptance, he is required to submit medical certification for the updating signed by concerned Officers for HR archiving and verification. Ailing personnel is considered unfit to work. Meanwhile, the supervisors have several tasks to accomplish also and the top priority is the work for the flow of the production. They should go to the designation area of the supervisors and employees to update records correcting inconsistencies accomplishing this with given deadline. HR has other reports to be done apart from this. Through cooperation and time management the process with the HR, it should be easier for them to handle. We focused our study on the HR department about their current process in the recruitment, evaluation and filling leave by the employees as well as the reports for the HR. The researchers want to contribute to the improvement of the processes through this study. The Philippine Auto Components, Inc. is one of the companies that want improvement, in their office because they encountered inconveniency. The main objective of the study is to develop efficiently the current process of Human resources of Philippine Auto Component, Inc. Specifically, the study aims to achieve the following: 1. To determine the problem with regards to data rendering of Human Resources. 2. To determine the issues with regards to generating reports of Employees Information. 3. To address accurately the information for the Human Resources related decision. 4. To speed up the process of monitoring the records in recruitment, job evaluation and performance, leave request and employees’ information. 5. To provide a system that can be effective, accurate, reliable, user friendly and secure. 6. To improve the reports and employees information being mishandled that leads to the lost of data and errors in records. Conceptual Framework The researchers used a paradigm structure to support the fundamental principles of the study. A paradigm is a pattern or a model that corresponds to the real world of processes on what the researchers have gathered. It guides the development of the study regarding what the proponents want to improve for the satisfaction among the persons involved in this study. The figure shows the paradigm that is based upon the process in the Human Resource Department or the office. The paradigm has the Input, Process and Output that will guide the researchers for the development of the automation in some HR processes. INPUTPROCESSOUTPUT Figure 1. Conceptual Framework The figure shows the process inside the HR that the information about the employee, applicants and even the supervisors are being recorded. The employees information like their leave request, their performances in their designated jobs including the personal information and which the department they belong to. The applicants’ information with the flow of recruitment and their training are also being input. The supervisors are also being evaluated by the employees. This will be processed and have an output of the reports in evaluations of three, the absence calculations and the lists of the current employees and newly hired as well as the applicants’ information and list. Significance of the Study Prior to the advent of computerization, data is processed manually. However, in the past few decades, the computer and electronic technology has been incorporated into almost every aspect of our lives. They now play a big role in the lives of people and assist them in taking care of files and documents. Today, there is probably no better indication of how technologically advance is the society than a computerization process. Nowadays, computers have become the base technology that enables the people to tap information resources as the fast growing industry of the internet. Great help will be provided for the company Philippine Auto Components, Inc. in terms of trends in Information System, thus, improving the HR functions and benefits as the delivery of services within the organization. The following are the beneficiaries: Company. The Philippine Auto Components, Inc. will benefit because they can save materials like papers and inks as part of their cost in the operation of the company, especially they can now have strategic planning to be more competitive advantages instead on focusing to the manual process that HR has. The company will remove the barrier between the branches or other department. HR Personnel. Can give less effort in the report, target deadlines are being done before the date, eliminates human errors, save time, the leave and absences made by the employees are monitored as well as the communication between the applicants and employee is more convenient. The possible loss of information is less. Supervisors. Accurate and up to date leave reporting and a real-time tracking of leave will generate the system. They are easily informed about the leave request and handling of approval and disapproval will not disturb their other work activities within the company. Employees. Can easily file a leave request without filling up many forms like explanation slip, and they can monitor and aware of their allotted leave such as sick leave and vacation leave. They can work in a fair environment. Their performances are also shown for they will be in the sense of improving their jobs and have a goal to do task well managed and be an asset to the company. Applicants. Hiring within the company is easily being known by the applicants and they will prefer online applications than traditional walk-in job hunting which is time consuming and costly. The announcement online will benefit them, for they can easily apply for what exact job they are looking for. The follow-up Interview schedule through email would be better than waiting for a phone call. Researchers. This will help the future researchers to use this as their reference in their study as well as the programming language being used. This will aid them in enriching their study and will serve as a source of their related literature. Scope and Limitation This study will focus on the HR functions in the company, Philippine Auto Components, Inc. and is intended to eliminate the common problems encountered by the current process of the organization. The information about the current employees, applicants as well as the supervisors will be input to the system. The employees can request a leave which is being approved by the supervisor with the use of the system. Employees can also monitor their allotted leave and performances in their jobs. Applicants can follow-up scheduled interviews through the notification in the HR admin who uses the system. They can also view hiring position within the company. HR can monitor the training of the newly hired employees. The information list of employees in their classification belonged to like contractual, under probationary, regular employees and on the job trainees are also being monitored. The allotted or remaining absence or leave will be monitored by the employee. The performances of employees being evaluated by the supervisor and the applicants’ information are being updated by the HR Personnel. The system offers reports like list of employees, list of applicants, leave monitoring and evaluation reports among the employees. There is a communication between the employee and the HR department and employees can also suggest some ideas to the management. The system does not cover the inventory of all the materials inside the company, cannot compute the sales of the company, do not monitor the prices of the product, cannot monitor trucking and shipping of the products and cannot make purchase order. Definition of Terms Online. A computer-related application that uses an internet connection to be access by the users of the system to communicate easier and faster among the people involved in the institution. It helps the organization to gain more competitive advantages. Company. This is the working environment that has one goal in achieving their vision in terms of business and customer services depending on their products. Organization. It is the groups of people in the company that are involved in the process of Human Resources and needed to have the full attention with regards to the data handling. I. S. Information System. System that help the current process to be more accurate, efficient, secured, user friendly and make their work and day to day operation be more convenient. HRIS. Human Resource Information System. System that develop to collect, process, store and distribute information applying to the policies and process of the Human Resource Management. HRM. Human Resource Management. It encompasses the recruitment, records, leave reports and other information that provides a safe and fair environment in the company. HR Personnel. Person who are responsible in the Human Resource in the current process. HR Department. The persons who are involved in the data reports, recruitment, evaluation and the whole Human Resource process in the company. Supervisors. The head officer of each department in the company that implement the rules and regulations of the company, communicating to the HR for the better flow of the employees’ job, be motivated and guides them for their leave request. Employees. The persons who work within the company’s premises. Applicant. The people who seek job vacancies in the company to have a work and be stable to the day to day life. Leave Request. The employees need to file when in sick, emergency, even maternity and paternity leave covered on period of the date. Computerization. It is the process of applying technology in the paper handling materials for betterment of the organizations’ tasks in the company. Paradigm. A pattern that will help the researchers to overview the covered processes of the HR on what are should be the input data and the accurate output of the system. Quantitative Data. It express the data’s certain amount or range. It makes sense to set boundary limits to such data and it is also meaningful to apply arithmetic operations to data. Quantitative research. This is a technique like surveys whose findings may be expressed numerically and can be computed through mathematical manipulation. That will help the researchers to estimate the future events or quantities. Lickert Scale. It is the way to measure the mean figure responses and evaluate a study through questionnaire using decrement value (Strongly Agree, Agree, Neither, Disagree and Strongly Disagree). Iterative Waterfall. The focus is on delivering a sprint of work as opposed to a series of valuable/shippable features.

The familiarity of the coca cola brand - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4185 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction: coca-cola is the most familiar product in the world, and is one of the largest selling soft drink from the past. Coca-cola was invented on 8th may 1886 by Dr John Stith Pemberton in Georgia and the brand was owned in 1889 by Asa Candler who had made most of his money by selling coca cola. Coca-cola was introduced as a soda fountain beverage in the beginning-made by mixing coca-cola syrup with carbonate water at Jacobs pharmacy, Atlanta. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The familiarity of the coca cola brand" essay for you Create order At present Coca-cola provides about 400 brands in over nearly 200 countries that make coca-cola the worlds largest beverage company. In a survey of 2001 coca-cola was the 41st on the list of the 100 strongest economic entities. There are some coca-cola brands given below: Coca-cola zero Diet coke Sprite Fanta Minute maid Schweppes Five alive Oasis Roses Kia ora and etc Reason for choosing coca-cola: Overall view: The Coca-Cola Company is one of the successful organizations in all over the world. The Coca-Cola Company has survived and developed day by day in an instable market because of its marketing influence, originality and efficiency. In recent years coca-cola becomes a part of human body. The Coca-Cola Company and more than 300 worldwide bottling partners work together as the Coca-Cola system to deliver daily refreshment and drive their global success. Coca-cola has live positively assurance attitude to make a encouraging difference in the world by redesigning the way they work and live so sustainability is a part of everything they do. Work as a global team: Coca Cola Company work as a global team, and they focus on two main assets its people and brand which makes coca cola working so special. Coca cola company want that their workers should feel satisfaction in their work. The people of coca cola work as a combined team, which has skill, talent, experience, passion a nd knowledge that make coca cola a successful organization. Innovation: innovation is a heart of coca cola working process, and makes an effective connection with customers around the world. Innovation is a driving force behind the success of coca colas more than 400 brands and work as a inspiration to the staff. Quality: coca cola focus on quality than money, which makes coca cola number one company among the beverage companies. Product quality is a cornerstone of coca cola Company in everything that they do. The main business objective of the company is quality. Reputation: the coca cola company is one of the reputed organizations around the world. Coca cola is a well known organization in the world. Coca Cola Company has a faith of customers on them. b) Marketing is an essential aspect of entire business strategy of coca cola. Coca cola doest not believe on just making the advertisement or websites, it believes to do what they say to their customers as well. Coca cola makes a marketing plan which helps the organization to achieve their future goals more efficiently and effectively. Planning principles of coca cola: Competitor awareness: competitor awareness means to gain knowledge about the competitors. Evaluate the other organizations that what is their marketing strategy, what they are doing at presently and their future plans. After gathering the information or knowledge about companys competitors, then company makes a marketing strategy which must be better than their competitors. The main method of be successful from other companies is to know the competitors well and make an effective strategic plan. Taste of customer: the achievement of marketing strategy is totally depends upon customers. To make an effective and valuable market strategy it is necessary to understand the needs of the customers. Firstly the organization has to know that who r the customers, what are their needs, how can they attracted, how will they happy, and then the organization make a market strategy to fulfill these customer needs or requirements. Use of professionals: the staff should be well experienced, s killed and qualified. It is an important principle of planning. According to the requirements of the task the right kind of peoples should be used, so that they can give their best to their jobs. Economic and political conditions: before making any plans the organization keeps in mind the political rules and regulations. The strategy should be changed according to the rules. Economic conditions like boom or recession in market should be in mind see the best time for investment before investing. Final testing: when a market plan or strategy gets ready then there is a need for organization to test and implement the plan. When the plan is tested properly then it can be present to end user Planning process of coca cola: Setting target: the main and initial process of planning is to set goals, targets or objectives, and to see what the vision of organization is. Determination of the time and resources to get these goals. To consider at present what the organization is, and what want to be. Investigation of resources: the next step of planning process is to investigate the resources, that means to achieve the organizations goal what resources are needed, what resources at presently the organization have and which do not have, how to use these resources effectively, what kind of work should be given to what kind of person. Model design: after investigation the next important step is designing. The design should made by a group of professionals, who have the appropriate knowledge about the targets of the organization and have the image of customer needs in their minds. The methods should be used which are effective and appropriate for generating output. Implement the design: after designing a model there is a need to implement this model design for this the resources work on the design to get the targets. A calculated time is given to workers for completing task with the needed resources like machines, raw materials etc. Design testing: when the implementation is done there is a need of testing, in which the final output is checked whether the output is same as the company expected according to their goals or not. Testing process helps in discover errors and to correct them. Post implementation: after testing if there are any errors occur, then the errors are corrected final testing. After final testing the implementation is done again. Response: after post implementation when the plan is fully completed the there is a need to get feedbacks from the stakeholder of the company or customers to check whether the plan is successful or not. Framework: framework is a border line in which an organization work for implement and construct strategies. Analyze the scope of products Improvements to develop the strategy Implementation of strategy Monitoring and review C) Tools and techniques: there are many tools and techniques which are used to produce a market plan. Some of these are pestle analysis, SWOT analysis, strategic business unit, BGC matrix model, portal five forces model etc. i) SWOT analysis: the SWOT stands for S- strength, W- weakness, o- opportunities, T- threats. It is used for auditing a company and its atmosphere. In SWOT strength and weakness are internal factors and opportunity and threats are external. Advantages of SWOT analysis: it helps the organization to examine their strength and weaknesses, so organization can take the advantages of their strengths and can defend alongside weaknesses. Disadvantages of SWOT analysis: the list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats is very simple and not seriously evaluated. S- strength: strength means exclusivity of company, which makes company unique from others. Coca cola is a strong company, in 200 nations coca cola sells around 400 products. Coca co la has connection with Odwalla(natural juice company) brand, so natural juice making is a strength of coca cola Organic products are becoming popular and coca cola is the only well known company who is making organic products. The customers of coca cola have big trust on its products, coca cola has brand reliability. Coca cola follows the responsible marketing technique. Coca cola is one of the best familiar brands. W-weaknesses: weaknesses mean poor technology, bad planning, and poor management etc of an organization. Coca cola never made an organic product; they have only ties with organic company Odwalla. They do not have material or resources to make organic products. The sales of coca cola can be decreased, if the new organic juice or soda strikes. Coca cola faces a harmful publicity in India during September 2006 O-opportunity: it means how an organization can enlarge its shares and how the production can be expanded. From the period of one yea r coca cola is starting to follow inorganic growth path. The bottled water part of beverages is growing very fast, so coca cola is trying to build a strong position in this segment. The coca cola company is thinking to gain benefits from expanding Hispanic population in the US. T-threats: threat means any political battle, price fighting, competition, internal conflicts etc of organization. Coca cola is competing with nonalcoholic beverage organizations. The competitors of coca cola is Cadbury, nestle, Schweppes, craft foods and group DENONE. Extreme competition can make effect on coca colas revenue growth rate and market shares. Coca cola makes most of its revenue by selling syrups and concentrates to bottling partners. So dependence like this on other parties increases the company risks. The consumption of carbonated beverages is decreasing in US. So coca cola is one of the leading companies which are selling carbonated beverages, and with the decrease in the con sumption of carbonated beverages coca colas revenue can be affected. ii) PEST analysis: PEST means political, economic, social, and technological. It is a strategic planning tool to assess the impact of these four factors on a project. The main advantage of PEST analysis is that it gives a better understanding of business environment and helps the organization to find the opportunities and make use of them, and the only cost to do this is time. The disadvantage of PEST is the speedy rate of change in society makes it more and more difficult to forecast developments that can have an effect on an organization in the future. Political: this factor includes political area like employment laws, tariffs, political stability, tax policy etc. Economic: this includes interest rates, exchange rates, economic development etc. Social: this includes population growth, careers attitudes, cultural aspects, education of people etc. Technological: it includes factors like aut omation growth, technology changes and development etc. iii) Marketing audit: marketing audit is a broad, organized and episodic evaluation of marketing activities of an organization. It is effective for an organization to see purposes of plan and strategies and improvements needed. The benefit of marketing audit is improve the effectiveness of strategies and gives a broad picture of what and how the organization is doing. Task 2. a) Stakeholders: A stakeholder is that person, group or organization who has direct or indirect stake in a company or organization, and can affect or affected by the organizations policies, actions or objectives. In a business or organization there are two types of stakeholders, which are internal and external. Customers Major stakeholders of coca-cola: Employees: employees are major stakeholders of coca cola. Coca cola has 92,400 worldwide employees. The employees of coca cola have qualities like skill, knowledge, motivation, encourage, force to work, handling of hard situations. Coca cola always tried to make their employees feel happy and give them a suitable environment for working. The workers of coca cola are motivated to turn plans into procedures. Customers: coca cola serving to 1.6 billion customers daily. Coca cola is consumers first choice because they give high quality on reasonable costs which makes the customers happy. The coca cola company has strong relationship with customers, and for make this relationship stronger they provide discounts and best values of the products to customers. Shareholders: coca cola is a reputed and well known organization in the world, which makes it the first choice for shareholders to invest their money in it. Coca cola promises shareholders to make long term relations, and to giv e best value of their services. Coca cola always pleased to shareowners that they have an interest in their company. Participation of stakeholders in development of strategy: It is impossible for an organization to make an excellent strategy without the involvement of stakeholders. Participation of stakeholders is very important. Customers involvement: customers feedback is necessary for making an efficient strategy. The need of customers is high quality, low prices so the views of customers are very important, and this can be done by costumer care services, surveys, meetings etc. Employee participation: views and ideas of staff are very important for developing a strategy in an organization. The strategy can only be effective if the workers could understand, adopt and able to implement the strategy. To collect the views and ideas of the staff, a team should be made by selecting people from various fields, and then a strategy can be made by taking their ideas, views and suggestions. Shareholders view: it is really important to take shareholders views and ideas to develop a strategy. Shareholders need superior profits on their investments so the views and ideas from them are very effective. So for this purposes meeting should be done with shareholders to collect their useful views and ideas. b) General and marketing strategic options: Cost reduction strategy: in this option the organizations can reduce the prices of products, which can be lower than their competitor; but company should reduce the cost on the basis of economical conditions. Like 99 pens shops, Primark companies are doing these days. Advantages: easy way to attract customers and do better than competitors. Like Primark is doing better than next. Disadvantages: the brand value can be decrease and bad affect on customer relation. Unique strategy: the purpose of this option is to do something different. For this firstly examine the important needs of the customers and then do something unique on these needs which should be different from the competitors. Like Tesco offers good quality than competitors like Asda. Advantage: the increase in sales, and better reputation as Tesco has. Disadvantages: the expectations of the customers will be high, and the organization must always need to be good at expectation. Market expansion: in this option the organization can launch a new product. Like coca cola is thinking to produce organic beverages. Advantage: increase in profit. Disadvantage: Risk in liking of the customers, whether they accept the product or not. Task3: a) Mission statement: a mission is a strategy that has to do with full of efforts to achieve a vision by an organization. By mission statement it is easy to understand the purpose of an organization to shareholders and investors, who are going to invest in that organization. A mission statement of an organization tells the reader about the organization that what it stands for. Vision statement: a vision is a broad image of the future that what the future should be, and the statement is focused on tomorrow. The vision statement has details of an organizations future, inspiration of organization, future plans, aims and objectives. Vision statement should be clear, positive and inspirational, not too long. The vision statement shows milestones that an organization desires to achieve. Roles of mission and vision statement: The message can be delivered to stakeholders effortlessly. Helps to raise the responsibility of the staff for the organization. By the appearance of the overview people can be persuaded. Helps to develop the future goal and objective of organization. Roles of mission and vision statement Mission of coca-cola: the first step of coca-cola starts with its mission. In mission statement coca-cola company declares its purpose as: To encourage instant of cheerfulness and brightness, create value and make a difference and refresh the world. Coca cola is focusing on their mission very well. Vision statement of coca-cola: the vision of coca-cola guides every aspect of business by describing the needs to achieve quality growth. The vision statement of coca-cola is: To people be a perfect place to work, where people are motivated to give there best and foster an appealing network of suppliers and customers, together to create common, durable values. Be a responsible civilian, give the world a collection of quality products, be an effective organization, capitalize on long term returns. Coca cola is working hard to follow the organizations vision path. b) Culture objectives of coca cola: coca-cola has a unique culture, which is based on passion and the member of the company has the ability to change this passion into action. Work together as a team; make an enjoyable environment for working. Build relationships which are helpful for success. Respect the cast, language, dressing etc of any other culture or region. Ethical objectives of coca-cola: To perform with honesty. Both owners and workers follow the rules and laws of the organization and government. Towards work and responsibilities create the moral values between staff. To act in accordance with the code. To be responsible. Environmental objectives of coca cola: To make the environment management an internal part of their functions. To identify and minimize the bad environmental impacts. Reuse or recycle the organizational wastage to prevent environmental pollution. Social objectives of coca cola: coca cola has many foundations like coca cola foundation and other 18 regional and local foundations. Provide education to children. To provide living sources for society. Provide job opportunities to people To youth provide sports training. Business objectives of coca cola: To take a reputed position in market. Customer satisfaction by good quality Satisfaction of workers by reasonable wages. To make happy shareholders by providing good returns These objectives of coca cola are affected by current business and environmental changes. There are many other beverage organizations introducing new beverage products in the market that are affecting the objectives of coca cola. Coca cola need to change certain business environmental and ethical objectives because of competition. As government policies changes these days, the coca cola following these policies to take advantages in future. Due to recession period the company is changing its business objectives to survive. Task 4: a) Current changes in the market environment: Economic changes: at present time the economic environment of market is changing day by day due to recession period. The effect of this slump in the market is harming coca cola as well like other organizations. So profit of company goes down because of slowdown in market. Customer needs: the taste of customers changing day by day and it is necessary for coca cola to build new strategies, so coca cola is changing their marketing strategies according to customer taste. Market competition: the competition in market is rising very rapidly. The competitors of coca cola are giving a hard competition to the organization. So coca cola needs to do better than their competitors like Pepsi, Dr.paper etc. Technology changes: these days this a world of information technology, so there is the development of technology is increasing very speedily. So coca cola is adopting new technology methods. b) Responses of coca cola to these changes: Coca cola reducing prices according to their competitors to compete with them. Coca cola investing money on new projects and technologies (like using new software for make formulas) according to technological changes. Coca cola give promises to provide shareholders healthy returns, so the shareholders can invest more, and coca cola can survive into the slow down. Coca cola concentrating on to produce better quality of products according to customer needs. Coca cola launching new products like diet coke in market to give more competitions to their competitors. c) A range of functional areas: The functional areas which accomplish the marketing goals of the organization are: Human resource management (HRM): the main purpose of human resource management department is to manage the human resources of the company. Recruitment, performance motivation and training are main functions of human resource management. HRM management department is also responsible for make a strategy, and they analyze, plan and implement the strategy by choosing effective approaches. Finance: the finance department treats with money, and the function of finance department is to control the budgeting of the organization. They take care of the funds availability that the organization should have sufficient funds for working. Production: production is function of company that is liable for generating outputs from inputs outputs by using different production processes. The production department is responsible for using the inputs like raw materials, machinery etc effectively to produce necessar y outputs. Marketing: the function of marketing department is very important for organization to make a new strategy. Marketing department finds the consumer needs and they take the responsibility to fulfill these needs. Marketing department give the information about latest market trends. Task 5: a) Time table: time table describes an organizations objective and time duration to achieve them. Time table is a presentation of activities and plans for make a strategy. A time table for building new software is given below with key milestones and timing: Time table for building software Task to be completed participants Techniques and methods Time duration Make a vision of software Development team Set objectives 3rdmarch to 8thmarch Survey People, member of survey team Ask from people their requirements 10thmarch to 20thmarch Analyze the resource requirements Development team members Check the internal and external resources 23rdmarch to 30thmarch Build a prototype Software engineers Use of resources and vision 2nd April to 15thApril Testing Software engineers Check its working according to needs 16thApril to 20thApril Implementation Software engineers Use of resources And technology 22ndApril to 5thmay Final testing Software engineers, development team People feedback 6thmay to 12thmay Launching Development team, investors advertising 15thmay to 25thmay b) Dissemination process: Dissemination means broadcasting effective information about strategies and get commitment from people like audience, stakeholders, shareholders etc. To make a strategy successful it is very important to increase the involvement of people towards the strategy. This process builds a link between organization and people. For dissemination process it is very necessary to choose media and channels which are most reachable to people. How might dissemination process might be use: By mission and vision statement: in dissemination process vision and mission statement plays a very important role. By vision and mission statement the organization can explain its objectives clearly to people. Web access: at present time the web access popularity is increasing day by day so web is a very effective way for dissemination. Now days web access is a most reachable channel for people so the information can easily getable by people. Journals, newspapers and magazines: newspapers, journals and magazines are also easily getable by people. It is an easy way to broadcast the information to all kind of people. Multimedia and media resources: Multimedia resources like tapes, compact disks etc and media resources like television, radio etc. these are very effective channels of dissemination to attract people. Conferences and meeting: with conferences and meetings organization can share information to stakeholders, shareholders and other people easily. These conferen ces can be done internally and externally by organization. c) Importance of monitoring and evaluating a new strategy: To know the right track: by monitoring and evaluating a new strategy an organization can see that whether they or not achieve what they wanted to achieve, or could they meet the objective requirement of strategy or not. To know that whether the organization is on right track or not to achieve the goals Effectiveness: to verify the effectiveness of new strategy, that it working properly or not, whether it is helpful in the business growth or not. Profit growth: the monitoring and evaluating is very important to know about the profit growth, that whether the profit of organization is increasing or decreasing by new strategy. Impact on shareholders: by evaluating and monitoring the new strategy the organization can see the view of shareholders towards the organization, that whether it is going to positive side or negative. To see that shareholder are ready to invest more money in organization or not. Monitoring an evaluating process: Continue with strategy + Yes No Set Monitoring objectives Set monitoring objectives: firstly it is important to set monitoring objective, which should be based on required output, performance of strategy and strategic needs. Input: next step is to give necessary inputs which are required for processing like resources, material, information etc. Process: processing of inputs is very important to produce output so the processing is done in this step of inputs. Output: in this step the output after processing is generated like results of processing. Monitoring: in this step monitoring and evaluation is done like to check whether the strategy matches the monitoring objectives or not. Objective matched: in this step there are two conditions occur, whether the strategy matched the monitoring objectives or not. If it is positive means matched the objectives then strategy is successful and continues with it, on other side if it is negative that means it did not match the monitoring objective. Changes: if the strategy did not mat ch with monitoring objective then again the changes are made in this step and send to input. Continue with strategy: if the strategy matched with monitoring objectives then continue with strategy and stop the monitoring process.